Intervención educativa para el control del dengue en entornos familiares en una comunidad de Colombia

Abstract

RESUMENObjetivos. Evaluar la eficacia de una intervención educativa para inducir cambios en la conducta de eliminar los criaderos del vector del dengue en familias de una comuna del Municipio de Sincelejo en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de una intervención educativa tipo antes y después, con un solo grupo a 54 familias seleccionadas por conveniencia. Se aplicó un programa educativo diseñado con los resultados de un test de conocimiento, una entrevista semiestructurada, guía de observación y los referentes del modelo de adopción de precauciones y aspectos de la teoría de comunicación para impactar en conducta (COMBI). El impacto fue medido mediante proporción de cambios y la prueba de McNemar. Resultados. Posintervención se lograron cambios en los niveles de conocimientos inadecuados sobre el dengue y comportamiento del vector de un 14,8% a un 3,7% (p=0,109), en sus creencias inadecuadas de un 20,4% a un 5,6% (p=0,008) y en la practicas adecuadas del 24 al 87% (p=0,001). Se logró que al final del proceso con cada uno de los grupos participantes clasificados el 64,8% se ubicaran en la etapa de acción. Se redujo el número de criaderos intradomiciliarios de Aedes, de un 92,6% a un 35,2% (p=0,001). Conclusiones. La intervención permitió conducir a los participantes a la adherencia de la conducta promovida. Fue útil subdividir a la población, en los que aplican las medidas preventivas y los que solo tienen la intención de realizarlas, porque permite al personal de salud adoptar las acciones de acuerdo a las características de cada grupo. Palabras clave: Dengue/prevención & control; Educación del paciente como asunto; Participación comunal (fuente:DeCS BIREME). EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION FOR THE CONTROL OF DENGUE IN FAMILY ENVIRONMENTS IN A COMMUNITY IN COLOMBIA ABSTRACTObjectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention to induce changes in behavior to eliminate breeding places for the dengue vector in families from a community in the Municipality of Sincelejo, Colombia. Materials and methods. An educational intervention type was performed before and after, with a group of 54 families selected by convenience sampling. An educational program designed with the results of a knowledge test, a semi-structured interview, observation guide and the main concepts of the Communication for Behavioural Impact (COMBI) toolkit was applied. The impact was measured by proportion changes and the McNemar test. Results. Post-intervention changes were made in the levels of inadequate knowledge about dengue and behavior of the vector from 14.8% to 3.7% (p=0.109), in their inadequate beliefs from 20.4% to 5.6% (p=0.008) and in adequate practices from 24 to 87% (p=0.001). At the end of the process with each of the participant groups, 64.8% were classified in the action stage. There was a reduction of the number of intradomiciliary Aedes breeding places from 92.6% to 35.2% (p=0.001). Conclusions. The intervention lead participants to adhere to the behavior changes that were promoted. It was useful ...

Impact, economic evaluation, and sustainability of integrated vector management in urban settings to prevent vector-borne diseases: a scoping review

“…Intermediate outcomes were the number of positive containers with larvae and/or pupae by house [22, 23, 30], overall average of positive containers with larvae and/or pupae (C+/C) [22], percentage of water-filled containers positive for larvae and/or pupae [25, 33, 48], and catch basins positive for larvae and pupae [62]. The results from Espinoza-Gómez et al [22] stress that using an EI, preceded by intersectoral integration with the community, had a significantly stronger effect on reducing breeding sites for Aedes aegypti than did chemical spraying.…”

“…The results from Espinoza-Gómez et al [22] stress that using an EI, preceded by intersectoral integration with the community, had a significantly stronger effect on reducing breeding sites for Aedes aegypti than did chemical spraying. Escudero-Támara and Villareal-Amaris [23] found a reduction of the number of Aedes breeding sites after an EI. Raju et al [25] found a significant reduction in the percentage of primary positive containers for Aedes albopictus , from 33 to 5% for tires, and from 42 to 8% for drums, after communities were mobilized in the Aedes aegypti control program for source reduction in the peri-urban district.…”

“…Outcomes used were knowledge of symptoms and transmission modalities [26, 27, 31, 55, 56], knowledge and beliefs about control measures [52], changes in people’s behaviour to control Aedes aegypti breeding sites [23–25], people’s abilities and adequate practices for controlling the vector [31], empowerment of prevention and control measures [26, 50, 52], household participation in dengue control activities [53], intersectoral participation in dengue control activities [53], and health worker capacity indicators [63]. All results from these studies were favourable to the evaluated intervention with a pre-post comparison with variable magnitudes.…”

“…The sources of dengue vectors were analyzed based on changes in the ovitrap index, which also decreased significantly, from 66.7% before the campaign to 39.3% 3 months afterward [24]. In the quasi-experimental study by Escudero-Támara and Villareal-Amaris [23], capacity-building was linked with a communication strategy—specifically, the main concepts of the Communication for Behavioural Impact (COMBI) toolkit. At the end of the intervention with each of the participant groups, 64.8% were classified as being in the action stage, and a significant reduction in intradomiciliary Aedes breeding sites, from 92.6 to 35.2% ( P  = 0.001), had been achieved [23].…”

“…In the quasi-experimental study by Escudero-Támara and Villareal-Amaris [23], capacity-building was linked with a communication strategy—specifically, the main concepts of the Communication for Behavioural Impact (COMBI) toolkit. At the end of the intervention with each of the participant groups, 64.8% were classified as being in the action stage, and a significant reduction in intradomiciliary Aedes breeding sites, from 92.6 to 35.2% ( P  = 0.001), had been achieved [23]. Another study, also following a quasi-experimental design, focused on schoolchildren by using a game as a teaching–learning tool to impart knowledge and prevention skills about dengue; results showed that the children’s knowledge and skills, measured prior to the program (6.5 and 18.4 points, respectively) were higher in the final test (8.25 and 22.9 points, respectively; P  < 0.05) [31].…”