Intervención Grupal en Embarazadas: Respuestas Diferenciales de Acuerdo al Tipo de Depresión y Patrón de Apego

Abstract

A partir de la alta prevalencia de trastornos depresivos en embarazadas, se describió y analizó la variabilidad en los resultados ante una intervención psicoeducativa grupal. Para ello se consideraron los tipos de depresión (DEQ) propuestos por Blatt (2004) y su asociación con el patrón de apego materno (ECR-S), analizando la respuesta a la intervención en sintomatología depresiva (BDI) y sensibilidad materna (CARE-Index). Se utilizó un diseño cuasi experimental (grupos experimental y control), longitudinal, descriptivo y comparativo, con una muestra intencional de 112 embarazadas con sintomatología depresiva, atendidas en 5 centros de salud pública de Santiago, Chile. Tras los análisis de varianza, los resultados mostraron que la intervención grupal resultó eficaz, reduciendo la sintomatología depresiva y favoreciendo adecuados niveles de sensibilidad materna. Sin embargo, las participantes con depresión introyectiva no disminuyeron su sintomatología depresiva, pero sí mostraron adecuados niveles de sensibilidad materna. Los resultados relevan la importancia de ofrecer otras modalidades de tratamiento para la depresión durante el embarazo, además de la grupal, considerando aspectos individuales. Se requieren estudios con muestras de mayor tamaño para confirmar estos hallazgos.Palabras clave: embarazo, depresión, intervención grupal, sensibilidad materna, patrón de apego Given the high prevalence of depressive disorders in pregnant women, this study described and analyzed the variability observed in the results of a group psychoeducational intervention. In order to do this, the types of depression (DEQ) proposed by Blatt (2004) and their association with maternal attachment pattern (ECR-S) were considered, analyzing the participants' response to the intervention in terms of depressive symptoms (BDI) and maternal sensitivity (CARE-Index). A quasi-experimental (experimental and control groups), longitudinal, descriptive, and comparative design was used to examine a purposive sample of 112 pregnant women with depressive symptomatology, treated in 5 public health centers in Santiago, Chile. After the analysis of variance, the results showed that the group intervention was effective in reducing depressive symptoms and promoting appropriate levels of maternal sensitivity. However, symptoms in participants with introjective depression did not decrease after the intervention, although adequate levels of maternal sensitivity were observed. Results highlight the importance of providing alternatives other than group treatment in cases of depression during pregnancy, taking individual aspects into account. Studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.

Moderating Effect of Changes in Perceived Social Support during Pregnancy on the Emotional Health of Mothers and Fathers and on Baby’s Anthropometric Parameters at Birth

“…To date, most interventions in this field have addressed approaches to stress and depression such as cognitive behavioural therapy, behavioural activation and/or mindfulness programmes [37]. However, in view of the findings obtained in the present study, attention should also be paid to fostering social support, both for the mother and for the father, in order to achieve optimal outcomes for their babies.…”

Construyendo Hechos: Análisis De Las Metáforas Utilizadas en La Producción Científica Chilena Sobre Apego E Infancia Temprana

“…Psykhe. Miranda, A. et al 2017 Intervención Grupal en Embarazadas: respuestas diferenciales de acuerdo al tipo de depresión y patrón de apego.…”

Depression and Antidepressants During Pregnancy: Craniofacial Defects Due to Stem/Progenitor Cell Deregulation Mediated by Serotonin

“…Regarding psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in the decrease of symptoms and remission of depression during pregnancy (O'Connor et al, 2016). Nevertheless, the adherence to psychotherapy is difficult (Rojas et al, 2015), and the outcome depends on the individual traits of the mothers (Miranda et al, 2017). In the recent years, new behavioral interventions have emerged as an alternative treatment for maternal depression, such as interpersonal psychotherapy, mindfulness, peer support groups, massage, tai chi, yoga, aerobic exercise, and sleep interventions (Field, 2017b;Ladyman et al, 2020;Lucena et al, 2020).…”