Intervention Model for Orphan’s Emotional and Behavioral Problems: A Scoping Review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: As many as, 45% of orphaned children and adolescents living in orphanages experience behavioral and emotional problems. Several literature reviews on the intervention of emotional and behavioral problems in orphan children and adolescents have been widely conducted. However, there is paucity in the reviews of emotional and behavioral problem interventions in the orphan group based on the type of group approach used in published articles. AIM: This study aimed to synthesize the results on the interventions of emotional and behavioral problems in orphan children and adolescents aged 7–20 years who live in institutions or orphanages. METHODS: This research was a scoping review. This review used three databases comprising PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Library Online. The inclusion criteria were experimental research designs and cohort studies, published in the 2009–2019, discussed emotional and behavioral problem’s intervention in orphan, and written in English. The exclusion criteria were that the research subjects had severe mental and psychosocial disorders such as autism, mental retardation, and mental disorders. The authors used three categories of keywords; the first keyword and its synonym were “intervention, treatment.” The second keyword focused on behavioral problems, which was “behavioral difficulties,” and the third keyword focuses on population and place, “orphan, institutions orphans, orphanages.” The article selection stage is described in detail in the flow diagram of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. The critical appraisal stage used the checklist from Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS: Ten articles were found and selected for review. The main emotional and behavioral problems experienced by orphan children and adolescents include depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem, feelings of anger, and trauma. Other problems related, functional disorders, life satisfaction, the probability of suicide, and early (prodromal) symptoms of psychosis, also arise. There were six types of interventions given to overcome emotional and behavioral problems in orphan children and adolescents, but the interventions that are most often given are cognitive therapy, educational support, complementary, and alternative medicine. The approaches in groups that are often used in this review are the support group and the teaching-learning group. The combination of two or more approaches in one intervention can increase the success or effectiveness in overcoming emotional and behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS: Depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, feeling anger, and trauma are main problems for orphans. To address these emotional and behavior problems, it is necessary to combine several interventions and a combination of group-based approaches.

Caregivers' perspectives on the impact of the Group Triple P‐Positive Parenting Program in Pakistani orphanages

“…It has been reported that orphanage caregivers are typically under stress and exhausted, due to workload and lack of context-specific training in child development and management of children's emotional and behavioural issues (Furlong et al, 2012;Khalid et al, 2022a). Findings corroborate that maltreatment by caregivers in institutional settings is associated with job-related stress, primarily attributed to a lack of caregiving knowledge and skills (Çatay & Kolo glugil, 2017;Hermenau et al, 2015;Isnaeni et al, 2021). In a study with caregivers in Ukrainian orphanages, Raskin et al (2015) found that caregivers' job-related stress negatively affected both work motivation and child development.…”

Kajian Kesehatan Mental pada Anak-Anak Yatim Piatu

“…Anak-anak yatim piatu remaja sering kali mendapatkan dampak negatif akibat tidak memadainya perawatan yang diberikan oleh wali di panti asuhan (Disassa and Lamessa, 2021). Isnaeni et al, (2021) menemukan bahwa permasalahan emosi dan perilaku yang paling banyak dihadapi oleh remaja yatim piatu adalah rasa cemas, putus asa, dan rendah diri, diikuti perasaan trauma, marah, dan depresi. Dibandingkan dengan remaja yang bukan yatim piatu yang masih mempunyai kesempatan untuk mendapatkan kasih sayang, cinta, dan perhatian dari orang tuanya, keadaan tersebut menyebabkan remaja yatim piatu mengalami gangguan emosional seperti depresi, kecemasan, dan stres (Deutsch et al, 2015) Sebagai bentuk dari tindakan pencegahan serta pengobatan bagi anak-anak yang mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental diperlukan pendampingan serta pelaksanaan program konseling.…”

Pakistani orphanage caregivers' perspectives regarding their caregiving abilities, personal and orphan children's psychological wellbeing

“…Higher quality caregiver–child relationships are associated with better outcomes in children's psychological growth and development (Begle et al, 2010 ; Black et al, 2001 ; Dubowitz et al, 2011 ; Huynh et al, 2019 ; Warner et al, 2017 ). Many recent studies in orphanages also reported positive effects of context‐specific interventions and staff training that helped to create a warm caregiving environment built on the basic principles of at‐home care, supported positive relationships and quality interactions between caregivers and children and enhanced developmental outcomes in orphaned children (Berument, 2013 ; Ghera et al, 2009 ; Isnaeni et al, 2021 ; Kaur et al, 2018 ; Mohammadzadeh et al, 2017 ).…”