Interventions for emergency contraception

Shen, Jie; Che, Yan; Showell, Emily; Chen, Ke; Liu, Cheng

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001324.pub6

Cited by 43 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In contrast to UPA, LNG is effective up to 72 h after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure, even though a moderate efficacy of up to 120 h is discussed in the international literature [ 5 , 6 ]. The superior effectiveness of UPA compared to LNG is also apparent in the first 24 to 72 h [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. There are differences in terms of the statistical significance, however [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], which in Germany has led to different recommendations from gynaecology associations (generally UPA is considered superior) and the Federal Chamber of Pharmacies (BAK) (less than 72 h LNG or UPA) [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The superior effectiveness of UPA compared to LNG is also apparent in the first 24 to 72 h [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. There are differences in terms of the statistical significance, however [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], which in Germany has led to different recommendations from gynaecology associations (generally UPA is considered superior) and the Federal Chamber of Pharmacies (BAK) (less than 72 h LNG or UPA) [ 14 , 15 ]. Both substances are more effective the sooner they are taken after unprotected sexual intercourse [ 7 ], which is why prompt access to the medication is of great importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Quality of Counselling for Oral Emergency Contraceptive Pills—A Simulated Patient Study in German Community Pharmacies

Langer

Grimm

Lungfiel

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: In Germany, there are two different active substances, levonorgestrel (LNG) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), available as emergency contraception (the “morning after pill”) with UPA still effective even 72 to 120 h after unprotected sexual intercourse, unlike LNG. Emergency contraceptive pills have been available without a medical prescription since March 2015 but are still only dispensed by community pharmacies. The aim of this study was to determine the counselling and dispensing behaviour of pharmacy staff and the factors that may influence this behaviour in a scenario that intends that only the emergency contraceptive pill containing the active substance UPA is dispensed (appropriate outcome). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the form of a covert simulated patient study in a random sample of community pharmacies stratified by location in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and reported in accordance with the STROBE statement. Each pharmacy was visited once at random by one of four trained test buyers. They simulated a product-based request for an emergency contraceptive pill, stating contraceptive failure 3.5 days prior as the reason. The test scenario and the evaluation forms are based on the recommended actions, including the checklist from the Federal Chamber of Pharmacies. Results: All 199 planned pharmacy visits were carried out. The appropriate outcome (dispensing of UPA) was achieved in 78.9% of the test purchases (157/199). A significant correlation was identified between the use of the counselling room and the use of a checklist (p < 0.001). The use of a checklist led to a significantly higher questioning score (p < 0.001). In a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, a higher questioning score (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.22–1.63; p < 0.001) and a time between 12:01 and 4:00 p.m. (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.13–5.73; p = 0.024) compared to 8:00 to 12:00 a.m. were significantly associated with achieving the appropriate outcome. Conclusions: In a little over one-fifth of all test purchases, the required dispensing of UPA did not occur. The use of a counselling room and a checklist, the use of a checklist and the questioning score as well as the questioning score and achieving the appropriate outcome are all significantly correlated. A target regulation for the use of a counselling room, an explicit guideline recommendation about the use of a checklist, an obligation for keeping UPA in stock and appropriate mandatory continuing education programmes should be considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quality of Counselling for Oral Emergency Contraceptive Pills—A Simulated Patient Study in German Community Pharmacies

Langer

Grimm

Lungfiel

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These findings are noteworthy. For instance individual studies have drawn linkages between menses return and initiation of contraceptive use [3,14]. Adanikin et al in their study found that family planning use is most likely in the month following menses return [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural family planning or fertility awareness included the method of contraception that does not use any drugs or devices. It included any of the calendar or rhythm method, cervical mucus method or the basal body temperature method [3].The following steps were involved in the questionnaire development and validation. Firstly, the questionnaire's face validity was established by having it reviewed by two different experts (obstetrician-gynecologist and measurement and evaluation expert in test construction).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of puerperal menstruation

et al. 2020

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Background Puerperal period is an important and thought-provoking period for puerperal mothers. Surprisingly, reports have indicated that there is increasing number of women resuming menstruation within six weeks of childbirth (puerperal menstruation). To the best of knowledge, there is no prior study on predictors of puerperal menstruation. Objective To determine frequency and predictors of puerperal menstruation. Methods This was a single tertiary health institution cross-sectional study at ESUT Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria that included data from May 2015 to December 2018. Women were interviewed at the end of the first six weeks of their childbirth. Women with HIV positive or had uterine rupture or peripartum hysterectomy were excluded. Bivariate analysis was performed by the chi-squared test and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables associated with puerperal menstruation. Statistical significance was accepted when P-value is <0.05. Results A total of 371 women met the inclusion criteria. The return of menses within 6 weeks was present in 118(31.8%) women versus 253 (68.2%) women without puerperal menstruation, given a ratio of 1:3. Of the 371 women, 249 (67.1%) were on exclusive breastfeeding. The significant associated risk factors were age (p = 0.009), parity (p<0.001), early use of family planning (p = 0.001), socioeconomic status (p<0.001) and manual removal of placenta (p = 0.007). At conditional logistic regression analysis, early use of family planning (p = 0.001),

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Pediatric and adolescent gynecology through a global lens

Roos

Simms‐Cendan

Cheung

et al. 2021

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Girls and adolescents, aged 0–19 years make up almost 30% of the world’s female population yet their specific healthcare needs often slip between the gaps of pediatrics and adult women’s health. Pediatric and adolescent gynecology is the clinical field that endeavors to address the reproductive health needs of this age group. The environment and psychosocial well‐being, social determinants of health, have direct bearing on reproductive health, affecting menstrual cycles, menstrual hygiene, and risks for unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. This narrative review will highlight common gynecologic conditions of adolescents, especially where diagnosis and management are distinct from adult women. It will also present preventive health strategies to improve reproductive health through vaccination, improved access to hygiene supplies and contraception.

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Interventions for emergency contraception

Abstract: Analysis 3.1. Comparison 3 Levonorgestrel (all doses) versus anordrin (all doses), Outcome 1 Observed number of pregnancies (all women

Cited by 43 publications

References 90 publications

The Quality of Counselling for Oral Emergency Contraceptive Pills—A Simulated Patient Study in German Community Pharmacies

The Quality of Counselling for Oral Emergency Contraceptive Pills—A Simulated Patient Study in German Community Pharmacies

Predictors of puerperal menstruation

Pediatric and adolescent gynecology through a global lens

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