Interventions for increasing ankle joint dorsiflexion: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Young, Rebekah; Nix, Sheree; Wholohan, Aaron; Bradhurst, Rachael; Reed, Lloyd

doi:10.1186/1757-1146-6-46

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Ten minutes of SS increased ROM and passive torque at terminal ROM and decreased MTU stiffness in both groups. These results are consistent with those reported by previous studies 8 , 20 ) . Kato et al 8 ) reported that 10 minutes of SS increased ankle dorsiflexion ROM by 5°.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Baseline muscle tendon unit stiffness does not affect static stretching of the ankle plantar flexor muscles

et al. 2018

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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of baseline muscle tendon unit stiffness on static stretching. [Participants and Methods] Eighteen healthy males were divided into two groups according to their muscle tendon unit stiffness as follows: High (n=9) and Low (n=9). Flexibility assessment was performed before and after 10 minutes of static stretching. Alterations in range of motion, passive torque at the terminal range of motion, muscle tendon unit stiffness, muscle tendon junction displacement, and tendon length were examined. [Results] No significant interactions were found in all the measurements. After static stretching, the range of motion, passive torque, muscle tendon junction displacement, and tendon length increased, while muscle tendon unit stiffness decreased. There were significant differences in range of motion, muscle tendon unit stiffness, and muscle tendon junction displacement between the groups. [Conclusion] Ten minutes of static stretching increased the range of motion through a decrease in muscle tendon unit stiffness and an increase in tolerance in both groups. Differences in muscle tendon unit stiffness and muscle tendon junction displacement caused the differences in range of motion. Baseline muscle tendon unit stiffness had no effects on static stretching.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Baseline muscle tendon unit stiffness does not affect static stretching of the ankle plantar flexor muscles

et al. 2018

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“…Changes in ankle dorsiflexion ROM have been associated with foot pain, ankle injuries (Youdas et al, 2009), neuritis and lower limb disorders (Young et al, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concurrent validity and reliability of the Leg Motion system for measuring ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in older adults

Romero‐Morales

Calvo‐Lobo

Sanz

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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BackgroundNew reliable devices for range of motion (ROM) measures in older adults are necessary to improve knowledge about the functional capability in this population. Dorsiflexion ROM limitation is associated with ankle injuries, foot pain, lower limb disorders, loss of balance, gait control disorders and fall risk in older adults. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Leg Motion device for measuring ankle dorsiflexion ROM in older adults.MethodsAdescriptive repeated-measures study was designed to test the reliability of Leg Motion in thirty-three healthy elderly patients older than 65 years. The subjects had to meet the following inclusion and exclusion criteria in their medical records: older than 65 years; no lower extremity injury for at least one year prior to evaluation (meniscopathy, or fractures) and any chronic injuries (e.g., osteoarthritis); no previous hip, knee or ankle surgery; no neuropathic alterations and no cognitive conditions (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease or dementia). Participants were recruited through the person responsible for the physiotherapist area from a nursing center. The subjects were evaluated in two different sessions at the same time of day, and there was a break of two weeks between sessions. To test the validity of the Leg Motion system, the participants were measured in a weight-bearing lunge position using a classic goniometer with 1° increments, a smartphone with an inclinometer standard app (iPhone 5S®) with 1° increments and a measuring tape that could measure 0.1 cm. All testing was performed while the patients were barefoot. The researcher had ten years of experience as a physiotherapist using goniometer, tape measure and inclinometer devices.ResultsMean values and standard deviations were as follows: Leg Motion (right 5.15 ± 3.08; left 5.19 ± 2.98), tape measure (right 5.12 ± 3.08; left 5.12 ± 2.80), goniometer (right 45.87° ± 4.98; left 44.50° ± 5.54) and inclinometer app (right 46.53° ± 4.79; left 45.27° ± 5.19). The paired t-test showed no significant differences between the limbs or between the test and re-test values. The test re-test reliability results for Leg Motion were as follows: the standard error of the measurement ranged from 0.29 to 0.43 cm, the minimal detectable difference ranged from 0.79 to 1.19 cm, and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) values ranged from 0.97 to 0.98.ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicated that the Leg Motion device is a valid, reliable, accessible and portable tool as an alternative to the classic weight-bearing lunge test for measuring ankle dorsiflexion ROM in older adults.

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“…From a functional perspective, a lesser antagonist muscle resistance resulting from a high muscle compliance should allow for the performance of agonist muscle actions at lower energetic/metabolic cost compared to cases in which the antagonist is stiffer 2,5 . Given the functional importance of both ROM and resistance to tissue elongation as well as the apparent changes that occur with aging, 6,7 disease, 8,9 and disuse 10,11 as well as muscle stretching and strength training interventions, 10,12‐14 it is not surprising that tests of both ROM max and resistance to tissue elongation are included in clinical and applied settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of isokinetic tests of velocity‐ and contraction intensity‐dependent plantar flexor mechanical properties

Pinto

Wilson

Kay

et al. 2021

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“Flexibility” tests are traditionally performed voluntarily relaxed by rotating a joint slowly; however, functional activities are performed rapidly with voluntary/reflexive muscle activity. Here, we describe the reliabilities and differences in maximum ankle range of motion (ROMmax) and plantar flexor mechanical properties at several velocities and levels of voluntary force from a new test protocol on a commercially available dynamometer. Fifteen participants had their ankle joint dorsiflexed at 5, 30, and 60° s−1 in two conditions: voluntarily relaxed and while producing 40% and 60% of maximal eccentric torque. Commonly reported variables describing ROMmax and resistance to stretch were subsequently calculated from torque and angle data. Absolute (coefficient of variation (CV%) and typical error) and relative (ICC2,1) reliabilities were determined across two testing days (≥72 h). ROMmax relative reliability was good in voluntarily relaxed tests at 30 and 60° s−1 and moderate at 5° s−1, despite CVs ≤ 10% for all velocities. Tests performed with voluntary muscle activity were only reliable when performed at 5° s−1, and ROMmax reliability was moderate and CV ≤ 8%. For most variables, the rank order of participants differed between the slow‐velocity, relaxed test, and those performed at faster speeds or with voluntary activation, indicating different information. A person's flexibility status during voluntarily relaxed fast or active stretches tended to differ from their status in the traditional voluntarily relaxed, slow‐velocity test. Thus, “flexibility” tests should be completed under conditions of different stretch velocity and levels of muscle force production, and clinicians and researchers should consider the slightly larger between‐day variability from slow‐velocity voluntarily relaxed tests.

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Interventions for increasing ankle joint dorsiflexion: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 50 publications

Baseline muscle tendon unit stiffness does not affect static stretching of the ankle plantar flexor muscles

Baseline muscle tendon unit stiffness does not affect static stretching of the ankle plantar flexor muscles

The concurrent validity and reliability of the Leg Motion system for measuring ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in older adults

Reliability of isokinetic tests of velocity‐ and contraction intensity‐dependent plantar flexor mechanical properties

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