Interventions for preventing tobacco sales to minors

Stead, LF; Lancaster, Tim

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001497

Cited by 52 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Research on the effectiveness of age limits for tobacco also shows that higher age limits decrease adolescent tobacco use and related harms (Ahmad & Billimek, 2007;Stead & Lancaster, 2008).…”

Section: Legal Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for International Gambling Harm-Minimisation Guidelines: Comparison with Effective Public Health Policy

et al. 2013

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Problem gambling represents a significant public health problem, however, research on effective gambling harm-minimisation measures lags behind other fields, including other addictive disorders. In recognition of the need for consistency between international jurisdictions and the importance of basing policy on empirical evidence, international conventions exist for policy on alcohol, tobacco, and illegal substances. This paper examines the evidence of best practice policies to provide recommendations for international guidelines for harm-minimisation policy for gambling, including specific consideration of the specific requirements for policies on Internet gambling. Evidence indicates that many of the public health policies implemented for addictive substances can be adapted to address gambling-related harms. Specifically, a minimum legal age of at least 18 for gambling participation, licensing of gambling venues and activities with responsible gambling and consumer protection strategies mandated, and brief interventions should be available for those at-risk for and experiencing gambling-related problems. However, there is mixed evidence on the effectiveness of limits on opening hours and gambling venue density and increased taxation to minimise harms. Given increases in trade globalisation and Gainsbury -Recommendations for international gambling harm-minimisation guidelines 2 particularly the global nature of Internet gambling, it is recommended that jurisdictions take actions to harmonise gambling public health policies.

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Section: Legal Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for International Gambling Harm-Minimisation Guidelines: Comparison with Effective Public Health Policy

et al. 2013

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“…[20][21][22][23][24] The reviews suggest that the following smoking prevention methods and approaches are effective: reducing the illicit sale of tobacco products to under-18s; [20][21][22][23] initiating tobacco-free policies and environmental change; 22 age-appropriate, interactive educational messages delivered via intensive, long-term mass media campaigns; 21 and social competency and skills development interventions to support young people to resist peer influence. Systematic reviews also consistently find that 'multilevel' interventions, which address both individual and environmental determinants of behaviour simultaneously, are most effective for improving young people's health outcomes.…”

Section: Effective Smoking Prevention Methods and Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systematic reviews also consistently find that 'multilevel' interventions, which address both individual and environmental determinants of behaviour simultaneously, are most effective for improving young people's health outcomes. 20,23,25,26 These interventions, which include 'higher-level' environmental components, also tend to be more cost-effective, 27 and are less likely to generate inequalities than individually focused components alone. 28,29 However, if such interventions are to deliver major public health gains, they must also be feasible to deliver and sustain.…”

Section: Effective Smoking Prevention Methods and Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot trial and process evaluation of a multilevel smoking prevention intervention in further education settings

et al. 2017

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Background Preventing smoking uptake among young people is a public health priority. Further education (FE) settings provide access to the majority of 16- to 18-year-olds, but few evaluations of smoking prevention interventions have been reported in this context to date. Objectives To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of implementing and trialling a new multilevel smoking prevention intervention in FE settings. Design Pilot cluster randomised controlled trial and process evaluation. Setting Six UK FE institutions. Participants FE students aged 16–18 years. Intervention ‘The Filter FE’ intervention. Staff working on Action on Smoking and Health Wales’ ‘The Filter’ youth project applied existing staff training, social media and youth work resources in three intervention settings, compared with three control sites with usual practice. The intervention aimed to prevent smoking uptake by restricting the sale of tobacco to under-18s in local shops, implementing tobacco-free campus policies, training FE staff to deliver smoke-free messages, publicising The Filter youth project’s online advice and support services, and providing educational youth work activities. Main outcome measures (1) The primary outcome assessed was the feasibility and acceptability of delivering and trialling the intervention. (2) Qualitative process data were analysed to explore student, staff and intervention team experiences of implementing and trialling the intervention. (3) Primary, secondary and intermediate (process) outcomes and economic evaluation methods were piloted. Data sources New students at participating FE settings were surveyed in September 2014 and followed up in September 2015. Qualitative process data were collected via interviews with FE college managers (n = 5) and the intervention team (n = 6); focus groups with students (n = 11) and staff (n = 5); and observations of intervention settings. Other data sources were semistructured observations of intervention delivery, intervention team records, ‘mystery shopper’ audits of local shops and college policy documents. Results The intervention was not delivered as planned at any of the three intervention settings, with no implementation of some community- and college-level components, and low fidelity of the social media component across sites. Staff training reached 28 staff and youth work activities were attended by 190 students across the three sites (< 10% of all eligible staff and students), with low levels of acceptability reported. Implementation was limited by various factors, such as uncertainty about the value of smoking prevention activities in FE colleges, intervention management weaknesses and high turnover of intervention staff. It was feasible to recruit, randomise and retain FE settings. Prevalence of weekly smoking at baseline was 20.6% and was 17.2% at follow-up, with low levels of missing data for all pilot outcomes. Limitations Only 17% of eligible students participated in baseline and follow-up surveys; the representativeness of student and staff focus groups is uncertain. Conclusions In this study, FE settings were not a supportive environment for smoking prevention activities because of their non-interventionist institutional cultures promoting personal responsibility. Weaknesses in intervention management and staff turnover also limited implementation. Managers accept randomisation but methodological work is required to improve student recruitment and retention rates if trials are to be conducted in FE settings. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN19563136. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 5, No. 8. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. It was also funded by the Big Lottery Fund.

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“…Some interventions listed actually increase tobacco use and need to be modified or eliminated to minimize their effects on smoking. [61][62][63][64][65][66][67] Each of the interventions in the table has been evaluated for its effectiveness in preventing (or promoting) consumption of tobacco by youth. Conclusions about program or policy effectiveness have been reached using the widely accepted evidence hierarchies, with randomized trials purported to provide the strongest evidence.…”

Section: How Can We Apply These Recommendations To Generate Stronger mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are We Producing the Right Kind of Actionable Evidence for the Social Determinants of Health?

O’Campo

2012

J Urban Health

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Interventions for preventing tobacco sales to minors

Cited by 52 publications

References 55 publications

Recommendations for International Gambling Harm-Minimisation Guidelines: Comparison with Effective Public Health Policy

Recommendations for International Gambling Harm-Minimisation Guidelines: Comparison with Effective Public Health Policy

Pilot trial and process evaluation of a multilevel smoking prevention intervention in further education settings

Are We Producing the Right Kind of Actionable Evidence for the Social Determinants of Health?

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