Interventions for promoting booster seat use in four to eight year olds travelling in motor vehicles

Ehiri, John E.; Ejere, Henry OD; Magnussen, Lesley; Emusu, Donath; King, William D.; Osberg, Scott J

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004334.pub2

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Parents were 1.7 times more likely to correctly use child safety seats at the 1 year post-test and were almost two times more likely to be able to indicate correct height and weight to safely transition their child to a seat belt following the intervention regardless of income, education or parent age. These findings build on previous intervention studies which suggest that education is a key dimension for increasing parent knowledge and use of safety seats (Ehiri et al, 2006;Johnston et al, 2000).…”

Section: Variablesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Approximately 86% of children who should be restrained in a booster seat are restrained in seat belts (Simpson et al, 2003). In fact, parents may not know that seat belts offer poor protection for a school-aged child (Ehiri et al, 2006;Rivara et al, 2001;Safe Kids Canada, 2004;Transport Canada, 1998;. A large Canadian study found that 84% of parents believe their children are too big or too old for booster seats (Safe Kids Canada, 2004).…”

Section: Issues Of Safety Seat Misusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Ehiri et al (2006) conducted a systematic review of five studies examining the effectiveness of intervention programs specifically for booster seat use for 4-8-year-old children. The results showed evidence to support the use of multiple intervention approaches to effectively increase booster seat acquisition and use.…”

Section: Intervention Research To Enhance Child Safety In Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both of these reviews (Ehiri et al, 2006;Zaza et al, 2001) only one Canadian study was cited. Snowdon et al (2006) conducted a survey in two Ontario communities to examine parental knowledge and perceptions of the use of safety systems for children.…”

Section: Intervention Research To Enhance Child Safety In Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A longitudinal study of the effectiveness of a multi-media intervention on parents’ knowledge and use of vehicle safety systems for children

Snowdon

Hussein

Purc-Stevenson

et al. 2009

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Section: Variablesupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Issues Of Safety Seat Misusementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intervention Research To Enhance Child Safety In Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intervention Research To Enhance Child Safety In Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A longitudinal study of the effectiveness of a multi-media intervention on parents’ knowledge and use of vehicle safety systems for children

Snowdon

Hussein

Purc-Stevenson

et al. 2009

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…The authors thank Dr Ebel for her in-depth analysis of our review on interventions to increase use of booster seats among 4-8 year olds who travel in motor vehicles (1). Her observation on the need for studies that measure sustained increases in booster seat use is very important.…”

Section: Potential Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentaries on ‘Interventions for promoting booster seat use in four to eight year olds traveling in motor vehicles’, with response from the review authors

Duperrex

Ebel

2006

Evid.‐Based Child Health

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In their systematic review (1) Ehiri and colleagues help clarify some aspects of what could be done to improve the use of booster seats for four to eight years old when travelling in motor vehicles.The quality of the review is excellent, including a thorough search in relevant databases from several fields (transport, education and health) with no language or publication status restriction. The authors provide clear inclusion criteria, precise summaries with sufficient details to understand the included studies, a summary of effects in text and graph formats, and detailed information about the excluded studies.The key messages of the review could be summarised as:• Any booster seat intervention could increase booster seat use • Distribution + education appears to be the most effective methodAs the authors warn us, however, the review has limitations regarding generalisation: included studies were conducted in the USA and Australia only, the population of studies might not be representative of the general population even in these countries (subgroups with different socio-economic status), a More information might come out of the nine ongoing studies identified by the reviewers. But how much more evidence do we really need before taking action?The evaluation of legislation as an intervention to increase the use of booster seats is questionable in this review. The only included study (2) was conducted in 1987 in Newcastle, Australia and used an 'enforcement strategy' aimed at parents as one of the interventions. In fact, as the reviewers explain, the police agreed to include a warning that they would increase checks but did not implement them. As it was not really an implementation of legislation, but rather a threat without actual controls by police, it is not surprising that there was no effect demonstrated on the use of booster seats. But the table of excluded studies allows us to identify two other publications that used before-after design to evaluate the implementation of a booster seat law: one reports an increased use of booster seats (3), the other no significant reduction for the 5-9 years group in terms of casualties and deaths (4). Although a control group with another state would have been better, it seems unrealistic to expect states or countries to be able to invest in a comparative study when they decide to implement booster seat legislation. Effectiveness of law implementation for child seats (5) should be sufficient to recommend it for booster seats, particularly since parents who never or occasionally use booster seats for their children say that it would be easier for them if the law required the use of booster seats (6), possibly because it would cut short never-ending arguments by their child.

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Effects of a Booster Seat Education and Distribution Program in Child Care Centers on Child Restraint Use Among Children Aged 4 to 8 Years

Thoreson¹,

Myers²,

Goss³

et al. 2009

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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To compare child care center-based booster seat education and distribution with no intervention when implemented immediately after booster seat legislation. Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting: Thirty-nine urban child care centers. Participants: Eight hundred fifty-four parents and 1010 children aged 4 to 8 years in vehicles leaving centers. Intervention: We trained 168 staff members at 20 centers to give parents and children messages promoting booster seats and supplied lesson plans, children's activities, and free booster seats. Main Outcome Measures: Observed booster seat use, "good practice" restraint use, and legal restraint use. Results: Parents at intervention centers were more likely to report receiving restraint information from the center (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.48-6.67), speaking with staff about booster seats (AOR, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.26-6.88), and using fit to decide when to move children into seat belts (AOR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.91-5.99). Groups did not differ in proportions using booster seats (44% vs 43%; AOR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.62-1.73), good practice (42% vs 41%; AOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.70-1.74), or legal restraints (65% vs 65%; AOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.48-1.31). Results were similar for children aged 4 to 5 and 6 to 8 years. All outcomes were significantly less likely among children riding in pickup trucks or with Hispanic or black drivers. Conclusions: The intervention increased parents' receipt of information from center staff and knowledge about booster seats but not booster seat use. Research is needed to identify methods and messages that will empower center providers to promote booster seats effectively and reach high-risk populations.

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Interventions for promoting booster seat use in four to eight year olds travelling in motor vehicles

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

A longitudinal study of the effectiveness of a multi-media intervention on parents’ knowledge and use of vehicle safety systems for children

A longitudinal study of the effectiveness of a multi-media intervention on parents’ knowledge and use of vehicle safety systems for children

Commentaries on ‘Interventions for promoting booster seat use in four to eight year olds traveling in motor vehicles’, with response from the review authors

Effects of a Booster Seat Education and Distribution Program in Child Care Centers on Child Restraint Use Among Children Aged 4 to 8 Years

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