Interventions for raising breast cancer awareness in women

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills and confidence to detect breast changes and present promptly to a healthcare professional. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of interventions for raising breast cancer awareness in women. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Breast Cancer Group's Specialised Register (searched 25 January 2016), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2015, Issue 12) in the Cochrane Library (searched 27 January 2016), MEDLINE OvidSP (2008 to 27 January 2016), Embase (Embase.com, 2008 to 27 January 2016), the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal and ClinicalTrials.gov (searched 27 Feburary 2016). We also searched the reference lists of identified articles and reviews and the grey literature for conference proceedings and published abstracts. No language restriction was applied. Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on interventions for raising women's breast cancer awareness i.e. knowledge of potential breast cancer symptoms/changes and the confidence to look at and feel their breasts, using any means of delivery, i.e. one-to-one/group/mass media campaign(s). Data collection and analysis: Two authors selected studies, independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We reported the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) and standard deviation (SD) for continuous outcomes. Since it was not possible to combine data from included studies due to their heterogeneity, we present a narrative synthesis. We assessed the quality of evidence using GRADE methods. Main results: We included two RCTs involving 997 women: one RCT (867 women) randomised women to receive either a written booklet and usual care (intervention group 1), a written booklet and usual care plus a verbal interaction with a radiographer or research psychologist (intervention group 2) or usual care (control group); and the second RCT (130 women) randomised women to either an educational programme (three sessions of 60 to 90 minutes) or no intervention (control group). Knowledge of breast cancer symptoms In the first study, knowledge of non-lump symptoms increased in intervention group 1 compared to the control group at two years postintervention, but not significantly (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.6; P = 0.66; 449 women; moderate-quality evidence). Similarly, at two years postintervention, knowledge of symptoms increased in the intervention group 2 compared to the control group but not significantly (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.1; P = 0.11; 434 women; moderate-quality evidence). In the second study, women's awareness of breast cancer symptoms had increased one month post interven...

Factors associated with breast cancer awareness and breast self-examination in Fiji and Kashmir India – a cross-sectional study

“…There is potentially at least some effect of education sessions specifically targeted to increase BCA [ 25 ] although it remains unclear if these effects would be seen amongst women in rural settings in low-income countries. Despite this, it is reasonable to develop culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate programs to promote BCA in low-income countries where screening (mammography or CBE) for early detection of breast cancer is currently not available.…”

Experiencia de cuidadores familiares de mujeres con cáncer de mama: una revisión integradora

“…El total de los estudios son de tipo cualitativo, tres de ellos se realizaron con un enfoque fenomenológico, uno hermenéutico y uno con la teoría fundamentada; el resto de estudios [13] no especifica el referente teórico-metodológico empleado. Las técnicas reportadas para la colecta de la información fueron: entrevistas semiestructuradas cara a cara [7], entrevistas vía electrónica [2], entrevista en profundidad [4], entrevista no estructurada [1], cuestionarios autoaplicados [3], grupos focales [1]; las preguntas fueron dirigidas a cuestionar la experiencia de ser cuidador de una mujer con cáncer. Para el análisis de los datos los artículos reportan el uso de análisis de contenido [4], temático [4], fenomenológico [2], análisis desde la teoría fundamentada [1], técnico [1], análisis de narrativa [2] y de interpretación básica [1]; los demás artículos [3] no definen el tipo de análisis de datos utilizado.…”

“…Las técnicas reportadas para la colecta de la información fueron: entrevistas semiestructuradas cara a cara [7], entrevistas vía electrónica [2], entrevista en profundidad [4], entrevista no estructurada [1], cuestionarios autoaplicados [3], grupos focales [1]; las preguntas fueron dirigidas a cuestionar la experiencia de ser cuidador de una mujer con cáncer. Para el análisis de los datos los artículos reportan el uso de análisis de contenido [4], temático [4], fenomenológico [2], análisis desde la teoría fundamentada [1], técnico [1], análisis de narrativa [2] y de interpretación básica [1]; los demás artículos [3] no definen el tipo de análisis de datos utilizado. El número de participantes de cada estudio osciló entre 6 y 91, con una media de 23; un estudio estuvo dirigido a cuidadoras mujeres, ocho incluyeron a hombres cuidadores cónyuges, dos investigaciones consideraron a la diada paciente-cuidador y los restantes [7] tuvieron como población de estudio a los cuidadores familiares en general.…”

A Culturally Tailored Intervention for Promoting Breast Cancer Screening Among Women From Faith-Based Communities in Israel: A Randomized Controlled Study

“…In the past, screening by breast self-examination was recommended to all women, and an extensive effort was invested in teaching women how to conduct a monthly systematic selfexamination (Pennypacker et al, 1982). However, results of large trials found no beneficial effect of breast selfexamination; in fact, the opposite was found-evidence supporting increased harm including increased numbers of identified benign lesions and performed biopsies (O'Mahony et al, 2017). Therefore, a paradigm shift occurred-from breast self-examination to general breast awareness practices (BAPs;MacBride, Pruthi, & Bevers, 2012), which is now recommended by various national and international cancer and health organizations (O'Mahony et al, 2017).…”