Interventions incorporating physical and cognitive elements to reduce falls risk in cognitively impaired older adults

Booth, Vicky; Hood, Victoria; Kearney, Fióna

doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2016-002499

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This implies that involvement in an exercise program with cognitive training or participation in cognitive training alone is much better than just doing daily activities in enhancing functional mobility. 25 This could be due to crossmodality transfer wherein training cognitive functions can influence the performance of physical functions. 26 The lack of significant difference between groups in the outcome measures may also be due to the high percentage of participants in each intervention group with less than the expected duration of participation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combined physical and cognitive training on fall prevention and risk reduction in older persons with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled study

Lipardo

Tsang

2020

Clin Rehabil

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Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of combined physical and cognitive training on fall rate and risks of falling in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Design: The design of this study was an assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Setting: The setting for this study is the community from Manila, Philippines. Subjects: In total, 92 community-dwelling older persons with mild cognitive impairment (aged 60–83) were randomly allocated to three intervention groups and one waitlist control group. Interventions: The physical training, cognitive training, and combined physical and cognitive training intervention programs were delivered for 60 to 90 minutes, one to three times per week for 12 weeks with six-month follow-up. Main measures: Participants were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks after baseline, and 36 weeks after baseline for fall incidence, overall fall risk, dynamic balance, walking speed, and lower limb strength. Results: No significant difference was observed across time and groups on fall incidence rate at 12 weeks ( P = 0.152) and at 36 weeks ( P = 0.954). The groups did not statistically differ in other measures except for a significant improvement in dynamic balance based on Timed Up and Go Test in the combined physical and cognitive training group (9.0 seconds with P = 0.001) and in the cognitive training alone group (8.6 seconds with P = 0.012) compared to waitlist group (11.1 seconds) at 36 weeks. Conclusion: There was no significant difference among groups on fall rate and risks of falling post-intervention. Dynamic balance was improved with combined physical and cognitive training and cognitive training alone. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to establish whether or not the interventions are effective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combined physical and cognitive training on fall prevention and risk reduction in older persons with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled study

Lipardo

Tsang

2020

Clin Rehabil

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“…There Is a growing interest in merging physical and cognitive stimulation (mind-body exercise), such as TC and Yoga, in health promotion in aging individuals (Ni et al, 2014;Gothe et al, 2016;Marmeleira et al, 2018). Furthermore, a recent systematic review suggested that interventions incorporating both physical and cognitive components not only benefit cognitive function, but also physical functions, including balance (Booth et al, 2016). In the present study the association of cognitive function with balance through a TC intervention program Is comparable to a cross-sectional study (Leandri et al, 2015) that evaluated cognitive function using MoCA and static balance with participants eyes closed (similar to the present study).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Cognition and Balance Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults Observed Through a Tai Chi Intervention Program

et al. 2020

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Background: Age-associated decline in cognition and balance may cause severe ability loss for daily living activities among middle-aged and older adults. The relationship between cognition and balance in this aging population remains to be explored.Objective: The present study Is exploratory in nature and aimed to examine the relationship between balance (both static and dynamic components) and global cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults through Tai Chi (TC) practice as a research avenue.Methods: A short-term (12 weeks) intervention of TC was conducted among middleaged and older adults in the community setting. Global cognitive function (using the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MoCA) and balance (i.e., one leg standing test score; Timed Up and Go Test score, TUGT) of all participants were assessed before and after the intervention. Age, body mass index (BMI), sex, and physical fitness variables (Chair Stand Test, CST; the 6-Meter Walk Test, 6MWT) were also collected as confounding factors.Results: Significant moderator effects of baseline CST on the association between the dichotomized baseline MoCA score and the baseline left leg balance score (p = 0.0247), the baseline right leg balance score (p = 0.0140) and the baseline TUGT score (p = 0.0346) were found. Change score of left score balance (p = 0.0192) and change score of TUGT (p = 0.0162) were found to be significantly associated with change score of cognitive function. Conclusion: Cognitive function and balance are interrelated in middle-aged and older adults. The association between global cognitive function and balance Is moderated by Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 1 April 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 668 Xiao et al. Relationship Between Cognition and Balance strength of lower limbs. The change scores of cognitive function and balance introduced by TC training were found to be positively correlated. Future research Is warranted to further confirm the cause-effect relationship of cognitive function and balance and its influencing factors among middle-aged and older adults utilizing intervention studies with larger sample sizes.

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“…For example, treatment implications would differ if the effects of physical activity and diet were found to act through aerobic fitness and inflammation, respectively, instead of both contributing to improved metabolic function. In contrast, finding synergistic effects might suggest that multicomponent interventions with both exercise and dietary components may be necessary to achieve ADRD risk reduction [129,[341][342][343][344]. Nevertheless, the present literature base suggests several important themes that may help to further optimize lifestyle approaches to ADRD prevention.…”

Section: Neurogenesis / Synaptogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways of Prevention: A Scoping Review of Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Neurocognition

Smith

2019

BPL

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Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) represent an increasingly urgent public health concern, with an increasing number of baby boomers now at risk. Due to a lack of efficacious therapies among symptomatic older adults, an increasing emphasis has been placed on preventive measures that can curb or even prevent ADRD development among middle-aged adults. Lifestyle modification using aerobic exercise and dietary modification represents one of the primary treatment modalities used to mitigate ADRD risk, with an increasing number of trials demonstrating that exercise and dietary change, individually and together, improve neurocognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults. Despite several optimistic findings, examination of treatment changes across lifestyle interventions reveals a variable pattern of improvements, with large individual differences across trials. The present review attempts to synthesize available literature linking lifestyle modification to neurocognitive changes, outline putative mechanisms of treatment improvement, and discuss discrepant trial findings. In addition, previous mechanistic assumptions linking lifestyle to neurocognition are discussed, with a focus on potential solutions to improve our understanding of individual neurocognitive differences in response to lifestyle modification. Specific recommendations include integration of contemporary causal inference approaches for analyzing parallel mechanistic pathways and treatment-exposure interactions. Methodological recommendations include trial multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) design approaches that leverage individual differences for improved treatment outcomes.

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Interventions incorporating physical and cognitive elements to reduce falls risk in cognitively impaired older adults

Cited by 44 publications

References 47 publications

Effects of combined physical and cognitive training on fall prevention and risk reduction in older persons with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled study

Effects of combined physical and cognitive training on fall prevention and risk reduction in older persons with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled study

Correlation Between Cognition and Balance Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults Observed Through a Tai Chi Intervention Program

Pathways of Prevention: A Scoping Review of Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Neurocognition

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