Interventions related to cardiovascular complications in people hospitalized by covid-19: a scoping review

Abstract

Objective: To describe the scientific evidence of complications and the need for cardiovascular interventions in people hospitalized by Covid-19. Method: a scoping review carried out according to The Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations, in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Results: A total of 11 published studies from December of 2019 to April of 2020, presenting low levels of evidence were selected. The evidence described the myocardial injury as the most common cardiac complication reported in Covid-19, reported in approximately 8% to 12% of all severe individuals, with indications for oxygen therapy interventions, thrombotic disorders prevention and treatment, hemodynamic monitoring and assessment tests of cardiac function’s performance, along with biochemical markers of myocardial injury, yet not addressing nursing interventions. Conclusion: Cardiovascular complications and interventions have not shown consensus on the found evidence, requiring causal analysis by explanatory studies that support multi-professional clinical protocols in health.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Cardiovascular System

“…Nursing care for infected patients suspected of cardiologic complications like ACS, arrhythmias, and AMI in the ED should consist of triage and quick management by establishing a nursing diagnosis, isolating, and case management by requesting diagnostic tests for cardiac enzymes and an ECG (Matos et al, Figure 5 2021). Suggest and encourage orders for low molecular weight heparin and the use of sequential compression devices to prevent the risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism in immobile patients (Matos et al, 2021). Therefore, nurses should focus on abnormal activated partial thromboplastin time along with any signs of elevations in the D-Dimer test for anticoagulant dose adjustment (Deitrick et al, 2020).…”

“…In a myocardial injury and elevated creatine kinase situation, cardiac enzymes should be monitored (Matos et al, 2021). Nursing assessments and interventions for infected patients that develop myocarditis and arrhythmias are ECG monitoring and frequent measurements of the Q-T interval if the patient is receiving antiretroviral or antimalarial therapy (Dawson et al, 2020;Deitrick et al, 2020;Guzik et al, 2020).…”

“…Many patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at risk for vascular and thrombotic complications. When atherosclerosis and ACS are suspected, treatment options to differentiate the diagnosis consist of cardiac catheterization (Matos et al, 2021). Nurses can play a role in preparing and educating the patient of the procedures and tests, formulating a plan for transferring to ICU, and initiating early rehabilitation and community referrals (Matos et al, 2021).…”

“…When atherosclerosis and ACS are suspected, treatment options to differentiate the diagnosis consist of cardiac catheterization (Matos et al, 2021). Nurses can play a role in preparing and educating the patient of the procedures and tests, formulating a plan for transferring to ICU, and initiating early rehabilitation and community referrals (Matos et al, 2021). Oxygen therapy, anxiety reduction, and comfort care are essential to sustain the health of SARS-CoV-2 patients (Fusi-Schmidhauser et al, 2020).…”