Interventions that influence animal-product consumption: A meta-review

Grundy, Emily; Slattery, Peter; Saeri, Alexander K; Watkins, Kieren; Houlden, Thomas; Farr, Neil; Askin, Henry; Lee, Joannie; Mintoft-Jones, Alex; Cyna, Sophia; Dziegielewski, Alyssa; Gelber, Romy; Rowe, Amy A.; Mathur, Maya B.; Timmons, Shane; Zhao, Ke; Wilks, Matti; Peacock, Jacob; Harris, Jamie; Rosenfeld, Daniel L.; Bryant, C.; Moss, David A.; Zorker, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100111

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Piazza (77), therefore, suggests to develop interventions that make people connect animal products with their animal origin. This engages with other recent studies advocating to target meat eaters with animal welfare messages, for example by highlighting animal suffering, that appeal to (emotions related to) animal welfare in reducing meat consumption (78)(79)(80)(81)(82).…”

Section: Implications Masculinity and Moralitymentioning

confidence: 73%

Comparing meat abstainers with avid meat eaters and committed meat reducers

Verain

Dagevos

2022

Front. Nutr.

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Shifting our eating patterns toward less animal-based and more plant-based diets is urgently needed to counter climate change, address public health issues, and protect animal welfare. Although most consumers agree that these are important topics, many consumers are not particularly willing to decrease the meat intensity of their diets. In supporting consumers to shift their diets, it is important to understand consumers’ attitudes, motivations, and preferences related to meat consumption and to take differences across consumers on these aspects into account. This study aims to in-depth research meat abstainers (vegetarians and vegans), and to explore how and to what extent they differ from avid meat eaters and committed meat reducers in terms of their (1) socio-demographic characteristics, (2) attitudes and norms, (3) food choice motives, and (4) food preferences and behavior. A survey has been conducted among a representative sample of Dutch adults. Comparisons show that meat abstainers (N = 198) differ from committed meat reducers (N = 171) and avid meat eaters (N = 344) on the four included categories of variables. In terms of demographics, we largely confirm the stereotype of vegans and vegetarians being highly educated females. In attitudes and norms, large differences exist with meat abstainers being least pro-meat and avid meat eaters being most pro-meat. Food choice motives confirm this, with meat abstainers valuing animal welfare and a good feeling higher than committed meat reducers and avid meat eaters. Finally, differences across the groups are most pronounced in terms of their food preferences and consumption, with a much higher appreciation of plant-based protein sources among meat abstainers, a high appreciation of non-meat animal-based proteins across committed meat reducers and a high appreciation of meat products among avid meat eaters. This shows that although differences across the groups are gradual and expected, in terms of reduction motivations and preferences of protein sources the three groups (frequent meat consumption-meat reduction-meat avoidance) are very distinct, which makes it unlikely to expect big shifts from one group to another in the short term.

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Section: Implications Masculinity and Moralitymentioning

confidence: 73%

Comparing meat abstainers with avid meat eaters and committed meat reducers

Verain

Dagevos

2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…The experimental manipulation of felt ambivalence in Study 2 and 3 elicited behavioral change merely by making felt ambivalence salient. This finding suggests that introspective ambivalence elicitation can complement persuasive intervention approaches that are commonly employed to facilitate meat reduction [ 120 , 121 , 122 ]. Specifically, the efficacy of interventional messages could potentially be enhanced by prompting individuals to reflect on their personal conflicts between preexisting incongruent evaluations of meat consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meating Conflict: Toward a Model of Ambivalence-Motivated Reduction of Meat Consumption

Pauer

Rutjens

Ruby

et al. 2022

Foods

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An increasing number of people are concerned about eating meat, despite enjoying doing so. In the present research, we examined whether the desire to resolve this ambivalence about eating meat leads to a reduction in meat consumption. Our model of ambivalence-motivated meat reduction proposes that the pervasive nature of evaluative conflict motivates meat avoidance, and we highlight two potential mechanisms involved: the anticipation of ambivalence reduction through behavioral change, and information seeking for contents that facilitate meat reduction. Study 1 drew on a cross-sectional 6-day food diary with 7485 observations in a quota sample to investigate why meat-related ambivalence arises and to demonstrate the correlation of ambivalence with meat reduction. Two experiments investigated the causal direction of this association by showing that ambivalence-induced discomfort motivated participants to eat less meat when they introspected on their preexisting incongruent evaluations (Study 2 and 3), which was mediated by the aforementioned mechanisms involved (Study 3; preregistered). The studies utilized diverse samples from Germany, England, and the US (total N = 1192) and support the proposed model by indicating that behavioral change is an important coping strategy to resolve ambivalent discomfort in the context of meat consumption. Our model of ambivalence-motivated meat reduction contributes to theorizing on the consequences of ambivalence and the psychology of (not) eating meat.

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“…Attitudes can also be changed by providing information about the (non-environmental) co-benefits and costs associated with behaviour (1d). For example, emphasizing the health benefits of cycling to work or the health and financial benefits of energy conservation can encourage pro-environmental actions 84,85 , and emphasizing the health risks of red meat consumption can change people's attitudes towards this behaviour 86 .…”

Section: Attitudes Towards Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

To select effective interventions for pro-environmental behaviour change, we need to consider determinants of behaviour

2022

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Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour is necessary to reduce CO 2 emissions and limit global climate change. Many reviews and meta-analyses have been published examining the effectiveness of interventions to promote pro-environmental behaviour. Yet, it remains unclear which interventions are most effective, when and why. Because interventions are more likely to encourage pro-environmental behaviour when they target key determinants of the relevant behaviour, it is critical to understand which interventions target which determinants. We introduce a classification system that links six types of interventions to 13 determinants of environmental behaviour. Our classification enables a theory-based understanding of when and why interventions are effective (or not) in encouraging pro-environmental behaviour and provides guidelines to practitioners to select interventions that are most likely to change the key determinants of a specific target behaviour, and thus likely to be the most successful in changing behaviour in the given context.

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Interventions that influence animal-product consumption: A meta-review

Cited by 29 publications

References 91 publications

Comparing meat abstainers with avid meat eaters and committed meat reducers

Comparing meat abstainers with avid meat eaters and committed meat reducers

Meating Conflict: Toward a Model of Ambivalence-Motivated Reduction of Meat Consumption

To select effective interventions for pro-environmental behaviour change, we need to consider determinants of behaviour

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