Interventions to modify the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with gestational diabetes

Abstract

Women with GDM should be informed about the future risk of T2DM and the potential benefit with lifestyle interventions. Further studies are needed prior to routine use of metformin as a preventive strategy for T2DM in women with GDM.

Women's views on lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: a systematic review, qualitative synthesis and recommendations for practice

“…2, 21 articles were included. Table 1 shows the characteristics of these studies, which together represent the views of 926 postpartum women [median (interquartile range) 17 (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) participants per study]. Most included face-to-face interviews of women in high-income countries.…”

“…These include referral to weight-loss or exercise programmes [9]. Current evidence also shows that interventions to prevent Type 2 diabetes after GDM can have positive, but sometimes limited, effects if engagement is poor [10][11][12]. Current evidence also shows that interventions to prevent Type 2 diabetes after GDM can have positive, but sometimes limited, effects if engagement is poor [10][11][12].…”

“…Such programmes were developed for the general population, which tends to be older and not to have young families. Current evidence also shows that interventions to prevent Type 2 diabetes after GDM can have positive, but sometimes limited, effects if engagement is poor [10][11][12]. Notably, there was~50% lower incidence of diabetes after GDM in the Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) after intensive lifestyle and metformin intervention compared with placebo after 3 years [13], indicating potential benefits of behavioural interventions on diabetes outcomes.…”

Clinical Recommendations for the Use of Islet Cell Autoantibodies to Distinguish Autoimmune and Non-Autoimmune Gestational Diabetes

“…There is enormous literature on both main types of diabetes -T1D and T2D, including the role of microflora [107,108], inflammatory responses, including gestational influences [109][110][111][112], interventional studies in both humans and animal models [113][114][115][116][117], the role of vitamin D and other nutritional factors [118][119][120][121], and better definition of genetic control, autoantibodies, and the implications of offspring of the diabetic mother [122][123][124]. In this manuscript, we have focused on the research data that reflects the metabolic conditions of pregnancy and adiposity.…”

Determinants of Health Behaviors After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Geneva

“…Interventions based on various strategies derived from Social Cognitive Theory could also potentially be effective for increasing health behaviors among postpartum women after GDM. According to Social Cognitive Theory, there are multiple influences on behavior, including social factors . Behavioral strategies based on Social Cognitive Theory include increasing social support (ie, eliciting support from family and friends), enjoyment of the behavior, and outcome expectancies, which refer to the degree to which the individual believes behaviors will lead to a particular outcome.…”