Intervertebral Disc Changes after 1 h of Running: A Study on Athletes

Dimitriadis, A.; Papagelopoulos, PJ; Fw, Smith; Mavrogenis, Af; Mh, Pope; Karantanas, AH; Hadjipavlou, A. G.; Katonis, Pavlos

doi:10.1177/147323001103900226

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The disc height reduction concurs with earlier results that have displayed a successive disc height reduction from repetitive loading in both experimental loading models and in clinical studies (Gooyers et al 2012; Dimitriadis et al 2011; Cheung et al 2003; Masuoka et al 2007). In general the loaded FSUs displayed smaller nucleus with less distinct boundaries compared to the controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Similar MRI findings as disc signal reduction can be seen clinically on MRI after a 1 h run (Dimitriadis et al 2011) and spinal injuries in the growth zone and epiphyseal plate are often seen among adolescent athletes (Baranto et al 2006; Hellstrom et al 1990; Sward et al 1990a; Sward et al 1990b; Granhed & Morelli 1988). The results support that recovery and hysteresis loop are important steps to avoid fatigue and failure injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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The effect of repetitive flexion and extension fatigue loading on the young porcine lumbar spine, a feasibility study of MRI and histological analyses

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe biomechanical mechanisms of failure of FSUs have been studied but the correlation of repetitive flexion and extension loadings to the initial phase of fatigue in young FSUs are still not known. The purpose of the study was to examine the fatigue results of low magnitude repetitive flexion and extension loading on porcine lumbar Functional Spinal Units (FSUs) with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and histology.MethodsEight FSUs were subject to repetitive pivot flexion and eight to extension loading by a protocol of 20 000 cycles at 1 Hz with a load of 700 N. All loaded FSUs (N = 16) were examined with MRI and histology post loading. Three FSUs were examined with MRI as controls. Further three FSUs were non loaded histology controls.ResultsFifteen (94%) of the loaded FSUs have decreased MRI signal in the growth zone of the superior vertebra and 12 (75%) in the inferior vertebrae. Fourteen (88%) FSUs have increased signal in the superior vertebral body. Fourteen (88%) FSUs have a reduced signal in all or any endplate. The histology morphometry displayed that the unstained parts of the epiphyseal growth zone were larger among the loaded FSUs (mean 29% vs 4%) and that the chondrocytes in the endplate and growth zones had abnormal structure and deformed extracellular matrix.ConclusionRepetitive loading of young porcine FSUs in both extension and flexion causes concurrent MRI and histological changes in the growth zones and endplates, which could be a first sign of fatigue and an explanation for the disc, apophyseal and growth zone injuries seen among adolescent athletes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The effect of repetitive flexion and extension fatigue loading on the young porcine lumbar spine, a feasibility study of MRI and histological analyses

et al. 2017

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“…If they did not regularly measure their body mass, body fat may have 1 Intervertebral discs undergo a significant strain after 1 hr of running (Dimitriadis, et al, 2011). In contrast, side lying end-range lumbar flexion position results in a statistically significant mean spine height gain of 4.78 ± 4.01 mm while side lying mid-range lumbar flexion position results in a statistically significant mean spine height gain of 5.84 ± 4.4 mm (Gerke, Brismée, Sizer, Dedrick, & James, 2011).…”

Section: Kommentar [Si3]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation Bias: Body Mass and Body Height in Endurance Athletes

et al. 2012

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Body Mass Index is associated with endurance performance in athletes. Reported and measured values of body mass and body height in 1,607 endurance athletes (1,352 men, 255 women) showed that men and women both underestimated their body mass and overestimated their body height, leading to an underestimation of Body Mass Index. There were age and sex differences in estimates of height and weight; for both women and men, underestimation of Body Mass Index amounted to 0.4 kg/m2. Master athletes tended to underestimate their body mass and overestimate their body height thus leading to significant differences between estimated and measured Body Mass Index. However, the magnitude of underestimation of BMI probably has a negligible influence on performance predictions. The differences between measured and estimated body mass, height, and BMI were within the range of normal daily variation, and for body height even within the precision of the measurement (0.5 cm).

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“…Upright endurance activities, that is, jogging or running, have been considered beneficial for intervertebral disk health, 31 although running for only one hour may decrease disk height. 32,33 It has been suggested that frequent running may have detrimental longterm effects on lumbar intervertebral disks, which may be prevented by the more dynamic form of exercise and optimizing running frequency. 31,32 In a Japanese study, the prevalence of DD was lower among runners with at least 5 years of active participation than among controls who may have participated in competitive sport activities a maximum of three times a week.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between adolescent sport activities and lumbar disk degeneration among young adults

Takatalo

Karppinen

Näyhä

et al. 2017

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The relationship between different sport activities and lumbar intervertebral disk degeneration (DD) is largely unknown. We evaluated whether adolescent participation in different sports is associated with lumbar DD in a population-based birth cohort of young adults. A total of 558 young adults (325 females and 233 males) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 1.5-T scanner). A DD sum score, based on the Pfirrmann grading, was calculated for all lumbar levels. The sum score was categorized into no DD, 1, 2, or at least 3. Participation in different sport activities was self-reported by postal surveys at 16, 18, and 19 years, and three groups were formed based on participation frequency in 11 sports: (a) highly active (at least twice a week), (b) moderately active (2-4 times a month), and (c) inactive (maximum once a month). Cumulative odds ratios (COR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained for each sport by ordinal logistic regression, adjusting for gender, body mass index, age, socioeconomic status, smoking, and other sports. Highly active participation in jogging/running and swimming was associated with a higher DD sum score (COR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4-6.3 and 5.0; 1.7-15.2, respectively) compared to inactive participation, whereas highly active participation in skating showed low COR. In conclusion, running and swimming at least twice a week in early adulthood are potentially associated with lumbar DD. Follow-up studies with MRI are needed to show whether frequent exposure to running or swimming has further effect on the integrity of lumbar intervertebral disks.

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Intervertebral Disc Changes after 1 h of Running: A Study on Athletes

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

The effect of repetitive flexion and extension fatigue loading on the young porcine lumbar spine, a feasibility study of MRI and histological analyses

The effect of repetitive flexion and extension fatigue loading on the young porcine lumbar spine, a feasibility study of MRI and histological analyses

Estimation Bias: Body Mass and Body Height in Endurance Athletes

Association between adolescent sport activities and lumbar disk degeneration among young adults

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