Intervertebral epidural anesthesia in 2,050 infants and children using the drip and tube method

Abstract

Intervertebral epidural anesthesia using the "drip and tube" method is safe and practical in infants and children.

Ultrasound Evaluation of the Sacral Area and Comparison of Sacral Interspinous and Hiatal Approach for Caudal Block in Children

“…The success rate of the first attempt was also higher compared with previous reports. 9,17,18 However, the first attempt success rate with the hiatal approach was lower than that of our previous study (92.3%). 4 This difference is thought to be due to the determination of the needle angle with prepuncture ultrasound and the experience of the practitioners (only two anesthesiologists were involved) in the previous study, thus resulting in a higher first attempt success rate.…”

The optimum initial pediatric epidural bolus: a comparison of four local anesthetic solutions

“…Concerns about the reduced volume of the epidural space in the thoracic region and the potential for excessive cranial spread of anesthesia have contributed to the recommendation of lower volumes (recommended) for thoracic epidurals in children (14). A conservative approach suggests 0.8, 0.75, and 0.5 ml·kg −1 for sacral intervertebral, lumbar, and thoracic epidural anesthesia, respectively (15). Lerman et al.…”

Regional Anesthesia

“…Using air for loss of resistance often results in the injection of air into the epidural space, and this maneuvre could cause an air embolus or rarely intra-arterial air embolus, specifi cally in the artery of Adamkiewicz, leading to paralysis. A "drip and tube" method has also been used successfully [ 62 ].…”