“…For example, a combination of the hybrid genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and streamline-based reservoir simulation (Naderi, 2021 [13]; Azamipour, 2018 [14], 2023 [15]) has been studied. Furthermore, the reservoir is also approximated as a multi-well injection-production system, and capacitance and resistant models (Yousef, 2006 [16]; Soroush, 2014 [17]; Yousefi, 2020 [18]; Huang, 2023 [19]; Guo, 2023 [20]), system analysis models (Liu, 2009 [21]), and INSIM-derived models (Zhao, 2014 [22], 2016 [23], 2019 [24], 2022 [25]) have been developed to predict and optimize inter-well connectivity and the water-injection rate.…”