Intestinal Absorption of Bacterial Antigens in Normal Adult Mice

Lim, Pak Leong; Rowley, D.

doi:10.1159/000233657

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Presumably, FLA would be quickly de graded in the intestinal tract and rapidly absorbed in to the liver, while BA, being more stable, is expected to be absorbed more slowly, mostly in macromolecu lar form, and significant amounts of it should be re coverable from the circulation. These expectations were indeed borne out as seen in later studies [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Intestinal Absorption of Bacterial Antigens in Normal Adult Mice

Pl¹,

Rowley²

1985

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The preparation of flagellin (FLA) from Salmonella adelaide and Boivin antigen (BA) from Vibrio cholerae is described. These two antigens differed chemically from each other and showed marked differences in their degradability by mouse intestinal juice in vitro and in their fate in the intact mouse when given intravenously. Unlike BA, FLA was rapidly degraded in intestinal juice and readily sequestered and degraded by the liver. The suitability of these antigens in oral absorption studies is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Intestinal Absorption of Bacterial Antigens in Normal Adult Mice

Pl¹,

Rowley²

1985

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Second, uptake studies indicated a better uptake of antigenically intact ovalbumin than Limulus-reactive LPS over the intestinal epithelium. For intact macromolecules such as proteins (of food or bacterial origin), the fraction taken up antigenically intact has been calculated to be around 10-3 to 10-4 of the amount given intragastrically (22,35). There is no indication that bacterial macromolecules per se are more efficiently taken up than, e.g., dietary proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference between bacterial and food antigens in mucosal immunogenicity

et al. 1989

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The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue may deviate from its systemic counterpart in being able to discriminate between microbial and nonmicrobial antigens. To study this, the systemic and mucosal antibody responses to bacterial and food antigens were followed in parallel in female rats during two pregnancies and lactation periods. Germfree rats were monocolonized with an Escherichia coli 06K13H1 strain, and their diet was switched to pellets containing large amounts of ovalbumin and ,-lactoglobulin. Antibodies against 06 lipopolysaccharide already appeared in serum and bile 1 week after colonization, and those against type 1 fimbriae appeared a few weeks later. Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies against the E. coli enzyme ,I-galactosidase were found in moderate titers in all rats after 16 weeks of exposure. In contrast, few rats had detectable antibody levels against the dietary proteins ovalbumin and I-lactoglobulin in serum or bile even after 16 weeks of exposure. In the milk, antibodies against E. coli ,-galactosidase and type 1 fimbriae reached the highest titers, while moderate titers were found against the food antigens and against 06 lipopolysaccharide. The difference in immune reactivity against bacterial versus dietary antigens was not likely due to insufficient amounts of the latter reaching lymphoid tissue, since (i) uptake studies indicated that ovalbumin was more efficiently taken up than endotoxin and (ii) the same difference in antigenicity between ovalbumin and E. coli was seen after immunization directly into Peyer's patches. We therefore suggest that a prerequisite for a strong mucosal antibody response is that the antigen be encountered by the gut-associated lymphoid tissue within microorganisms capable of stimulating antigen presentation.

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“…Mice challenged with large doses of LPS enterally did not develop diarrhea, but there were scattered foci of vascular damage in the areas of the gut presumably exposed to the highest concentration of LPS. The absorption of LPS from the mouse intestine is slow and in small amounts (32), which may explain the localized vascular lesion and the absence of significant fluid exudation with enteral challenge. There are several possible mechanisms by which LPS could play a role in clinical acute diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal microvascular lesions leading to acute diarrhea.

Mathan

Penny²,

Mathan³

et al. 1988

J. Clin. Invest.

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Subcutaneous challenge of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram negative bacteria, produced an intestinal microvascular lesion causing fluid exudation into the lumen of the intestine and diarrhea. The microvascular lesion was characterized by endothelial cell damage and microthrombi in the venules and capillaries of the intestinal lamina propria. Marker organisms, given orally to challenged mice, grew in the exuded fluid and could invade the mucosa. Intravenous transfer of postchallenge plasma produced the lesion in normal mice and absorption of such plasma by Sepharose coupled to LPS-antibody abolished this effect. Instillation of large quantities of LPS into the lumen of the intestine produced scattered microvascular lesions, although none of these animals developed diarrhea. Since a similar microvascular lesion has been described in the rectal mucosal lamina propria of adults with acute diarrhea, it is suggested that LPS-induced vascular damage may be a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of acute diarrhea.

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Intestinal Absorption of Bacterial Antigens in Normal Adult Mice

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Intestinal Absorption of Bacterial Antigens in Normal Adult Mice

Intestinal Absorption of Bacterial Antigens in Normal Adult Mice

Difference between bacterial and food antigens in mucosal immunogenicity

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal microvascular lesions leading to acute diarrhea.

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