Intestinal alkaline phosphatase and sodium butyrate may be beneficial in attenuating LPS-induced intestinal inflammation

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In this study, we evaluated the effect of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) and sodium butyrate (NaBu) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase and RelA/p65 (NF-κB) gene expressions in porcine jejunum explants were evaluated following exposure to sodium butyrate (NaBu) and essential oil from Brazilian red pepper (EO), alone or in combination with NaBu, as well as exogenous IAP with or without LPS challenge. Five piglets weighing approximately 20 kg each were sacrificed, and their jejunum were extracted. The tissues were segmented into 10 parts, which were exposed to 10 treatments. Gene expressions of IAP and RelA/p65 (NF-κB) in jejunal explants were evaluated via RT-PCR. We found that EO, NaBu, and exogenous IAP were able to up-regulate endogenous IAP and enhance RelA/p65 (NF-κB) gene expression. However, only NaBu and exogenous IAP down-regulated LPSinduced inflammatory response via RelA/p65 (NF-κB). In conclusion, we demonstrated that exogenous IAP and NaBu may be beneficial in attenuating LPS-induced intestinal inflammation.

Effects of dietary supplementation of red pepper (Schinus terebinthifoliusRaddi) essential oil on performance, small intestinal morphology and microbial counts of weanling pigs

“…To further elucidate the RPEO effect in the animal organism, we carried out a jejunal explants assay evaluating RPEO effect on the anti‐inflammatory response. Although the intestinal mucosa had responded to the RPEO, increasing the modulation of pro‐inflammatory NF‐κB, no anti‐inflammatory effect was observed after inflammation induction by E. coli lipopolysaccharides . An in vivo assay studied the effect of RPEO in the relationship between the complex system composed by: microbiota, immune system, host response and feed–trophic effects.…”

“…Although the intestinal mucosa had responded to the RPEO, increasing the modulation of pro-inflammatory NF-B, no anti-inflammatory effect was observed after inflammation induction by E. coli lipopolysaccharides. 13 An in vivo assay 14 studied the effect of RPEO in the relationship between the complex system composed by: microbiota, immune system, host response and feed-trophic effects. The higher villi density observed with the lowest level of RPEO (0.5 g kg −1 ) suggests a better intestinal development of weanling pigs, which can be positive for further growth performance throughout the next phases of swine production.…”

“…[4][5][6] The Brazilian red pepper essential oil (RPEO) has shown to have several properties of interest, including antimicrobial, 7 antioxidant, 4,8 anti-tumor, 9 antifungal, 10 and anti-inflammatory activities, 11 to be used as feed additive for weanling pigs. Previously, we also investigated the antimicrobial [in vitro, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)] 12 and anti-inflammatory effects (ex vivo) 13 of RPEO. In addition, we carried out an in vivo assay focusing the relationship between instestinal immune system, microbiota and host response.…”

Feed additives can differentially modulate NF-κB (RelA/p65), IGF-1, GLUT2, and SGLT1 gene expression in porcine jejunal explants

“…The focus on past feed additive research was to identify products with antimicrobial effects to replace antibiotics used as growth promoters (Kommera et al, 2006;Michiels et al, 2009). The emphasis of recent research has been to understand the other effects of feed additives, including the functional balance of immune response, development of gut, and glucose absorption into intestinal tract (Shen et al, 2009;Song et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2011;Gao et al, 2012;Melo et al, 2016;Waititu et al, 2016).…”

“…Ex vivo techniques have been recently used to evaluate the effect of feed additives on immune response in swine tissues challenged by lipopolysaccharides (Smith et al, 2011;Bahar et al, 2012;Leonard et al, 2012). These techniques, in which intestine explants are exposed to different treatments, are a rapid, less expensive, specific, and reliable experimental model to determine the trophic effects of feed additives on intestinal mucosa (Basso et al, 2013;Bortoluzzi et al, 2016;Melo et al, 2016).…”