Intestinal Development and Histomorphometry of Broiler Chickens Fed Trichoderma reesei Degraded Date Seed Diets

Abstract

A study was conducted to investigate the impact of degraded date pits (DDP) on the development and morphology of the intestine in broilers. Trichoderma reesei was used to produce the DDP using a solid-state degradation method. One hundred and eighty broilers were divided into six treatments in triplicate groups of 10 chicks each. The dietary treatments were: positive control with corn-soy basal diet, negative control with corn-soy basal diet + 20% oxytetracycline at 0.05%, corn-soy basal diet + 10% DDP, cornsoy basal diet + 0.2% mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), corn-soy basal diet + 0.2% mannose and corn-soy basal diet + 0.1% mannose for 6 weeks. The results indicate that a 10% DDP diet increased the activities of the pancreatic enzymes, the villus length, and the villus/crypt ratio, and decreased the crypt depth of the intestine. In conclusion, when compared to oxytetracycline and MOS, DDP can be used as a replacement for antibiotic growth promoters for broilers while improving gut development and intestinal health.

Chicken jejunal microbiota improves growth performance by mitigating intestinal inflammation

“…FMT also improved the intestinal morphology in broiler by increasing the thickness of its serous membrane and muscle layers [20]. Due to the jejunum's unique features, i.e., efficient nutrients absorption via the largest surface area [23], and efficient nutrient translocation via active vascular system of villi [24], nutrient absorption/ intake mainly occurs in the jejunum. The jejunal histomorphology is a good indicator for digestive/absorptive ability [25].…”

Dietary supplementation of water extract of Eucommia ulmoides bark improved caecal microbiota and parameters of health in white‐feathered broilers

“…Interestingly, significant increases in the abundance of the microbiota and the lengths of the jejunum and ileum in this group were observed. Nutrient assimilation is enhanced with increasing intestinal length, which also results in a greater surface area of interaction between food and the intestine (Alyileili et al, 2020; Reece, 2017). Hence, it could be concluded that Eucommia ulmoides supplementation may promote the contact between food and I cells in the intestine by increasing the length of the intestine, which in turn promotes the secretion of cholecystokinin and regulates pancreatic secretion, thus facilitating the promotion of the digestion and absorption of nutrients.…”

Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-Products: Chemical Composition, Nutritive Value and Applications in Poultry Nutrition, an Updating Review

“…Recently, there have been trends to utilize the phytochemical properties of industrial fruit or herbs wastes in animal feeding, which will not only reduce environmental burdens, but also improve animal production and health [ 47 , 48 ]. Similarly, phytochemical or nutraceutical prosperities of date pit or waste have been explored or attempts have been made to improve them using solid state degradation by Trichoderma reesei L. and their utilization in animal feeds [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Alyileili et al [ 49 ] reported that solid state degradation of date pit with T. reesei enhanced mannan oligosaccharide content, phenolic (142 g gallic equivalent/kg) and flavonoid (117 g rutin equivalent/kg) content of degraded date pits and antioxidant activities.…”

“…The inclusion of 10% degraded date pits (phenolics, flavonoids and mannan–oligosaccharide) in the diets of broiler chickens increased catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the serum, liver, and intestine, and decreased malondialdehyde content compared to the control group [ 50 ]. It also increased pancreatic enzyme activities, the villus length, and the villus/crypt ratio, and decreased the crypt depth of the intestine [ 51 ]. The number of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriacea, Salmonella , and Shigella were reduced, but beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were increased in the gut of poultry by 10% degraded date pits [ 52 ].…”