Intestinal Dysbiosis and Yeast Isolation in Stool of Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Iovene, Maria Rosaria; Bombace, Francesca; Maresca, Roberta; Sapone, Anna; Iardino, Patrizia; Picardi, A.; Marotta, Rosa; Schiraldi, Chiara; Siniscalco, Dario; Serra, Nicola; Magistris, Laura de; Bravaccio, Carmela

doi:10.1007/s11046-016-0068-6

Cited by 140 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…We have previously reported that haemolytic bacteria are elevated in rats after exposure to heat stress (Ducray et al ). Additionally, others have reported that elevations in haemolytic bacteria and yeasts signify the occurrence of dysbiosis in weanling pigs (Poulsen et al ), patients with inflammatory bowel disease (Sokol et al ) and individuals with autism spectrum disorders (Iovene et al ). Bacteroides sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of excessive exercise‐induced adverse effects in rats withBacillus subtilisBSB3

et al. 2019

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Aims To characterize efficacy of the Bacillus subtilis BSB3 (BSB3) strain in the prevention of excessive exercise‐induced side effects and in maintaining stability of the gut microbiota. Methods and Results Rats were pretreated by oral gavage with B. subtilis BSB3 (BSB3) or with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) twice a day for 2 days, and were either exposed forced treadmill running or remained sedentary. Histological analysis of intestine, immunofluorescence staining of tight junction (TJ) proteins, serum lipopolysaccharide and intestinal fatty acid‐binding protein assay, culture‐based analysis and pyrosequencing for the gut microbiota were performed for each rat. Forced running resulted in a substantial decrease in intestinal villi height and total mucosa thickness, the depletion of Paneth cells, an inhibition of TJ proteins expression. Short‐term treatment of rats with BSB3 before running prevented these adverse effects. Culture‐based analysis of the gut microbiota revealed significant elevation of pathogenic microorganisms only in treadmill‐exercised rats pretreated with PBS. High‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing also revealed an increase in pathobionts in this group. Preventive treatment of animals with BSB3 resulted in predominance of beneficial bacteria. Conclusions BSB3 prevents excessive exercise‐associated complications by beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota. Significance and Impact of the Study Our study shows a new application of beneficial bacteria for prevention the adverse effects of excessive exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of excessive exercise‐induced adverse effects in rats withBacillus subtilisBSB3

et al. 2019

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“…The proliferation of Candida can be inhibited by IL-17, IL-22, which modulated by some species of Lactobacillus through tryptophan-derived aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands (Zelante et al, 2013). Candida can releases ammonia and toxins that can induce autistic behaviors (Burrus, 2012; Iovene et al, 2017). The alterations of the bacterial microbiota in ASD individuals result in the expansion of Candida , which would worsen the dysbiosis and induce the abnormal behaviors.…”

Section: Relationship Between Asd and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorders

Han

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

360

252

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Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are a common comorbidity in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Many studies have shown alterations in the composition of the fecal flora and metabolic products of the gut microbiome in patients with ASD. The gut microbiota influences brain development and behaviors through the neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and autonomic nervous systems. In addition, an abnormal gut microbiota is associated with several diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ASD and mood disorders. Here, we review the bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract (brain-gut axis) and the role of the gut microbiota in the central nervous system (CNS) and ASD. Microbiome-mediated therapies might be a safe and effective treatment for ASD.

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“…Enhanced levels of gut permeability and associated alterations in gut microbiota are linked to the etiology and/or course of an array of medical conditions, including multiple sclerosis (13), Parkinson's disease (12), dementia (14), schizophrenia (15), bipolar disorder (16), the autistic spectrum (17) and depression (18). As noted above, the high rates of comorbid depression, often prior to symptom exacerbation, in these conditions suggests that gut-brain axis alterations may mediate some of their associations with such an array of medical presentations via raised levels of depression.…”

Section: The Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and the gut-brain axis: is there a role for melatonin?

Anderson¹,

Vaillancourt²,

Maes

et al. 2017

Biomolecular Concepts

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The benefits of breastfeeding over formula feed are widely appreciated. However, for many mothers breastfeeding is not possible, highlighting the need for a significant improvement in the contents of formula feed. In this article, the overlooked role of melatonin and the melatonergic pathways in breast milk and in the regulation of wider breast milk components are reviewed. There is a growing appreciation that the benefits of breastfeeding are mediated by its effects in the infant gut, with consequences for the development of the gut-brain axis and the immune system. The melatonergic pathways are intimately associated with highly researched processes in the gut, gut microbiome and gut-brain axis. As the melatonergic pathways are dependent on the levels of serotonin availability as a necessary precursor, decreased melatonin is linked to depression and depression-associated disorders. The association of breastfeeding and the gut-brain axis with a host of medical conditions may be mediated by their regulation of processes that modulate depression susceptibility. The biological underpinnings of depression include increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, kynurenine pathway activity and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, all of which can decrease melatonergic pathway activity. The inclusion of the melatonergic pathways in the biological interactions of breast milk and gut development has significant theoretical and treatment implications, as well as being important to the prevention of a host of infant-, child-and adult-onset medical conditions.

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Intestinal Dysbiosis and Yeast Isolation in Stool of Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cited by 140 publications

References 57 publications

Prevention of excessive exercise‐induced adverse effects in rats withBacillus subtilisBSB3

Prevention of excessive exercise‐induced adverse effects in rats withBacillus subtilisBSB3

The Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorders

Breastfeeding and the gut-brain axis: is there a role for melatonin?

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