Intestinal epithelial cell accumulation of the cancer preventive polyphenol ellagic acid—extensive binding to protein and DNA

The structure, occurrence and biological activity of ellagitannins: a general review

“…As much as 93% of absorbed ellagic acid was permanently bound to macromolecules such as proteins and DNA. The accumulation of ellagic acid in intestinal epithelial cells is proportional to the incubation time in a medium containing ellagic acid [Whitley et al 2003]. …”

The Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate and Its Products for Prevention of Cancer

“…Pomegranate fruit extracts/constituents possesses immense biological activities such as anticarcinogenic (Whitley et al, 2003;Afaq et al, 2005), antibacterial (Akiyama et al, 2001;Prashanth et al, 2001;Duman et al, 2009), antidiarrhoeal (Das et al, 1999), antifungal (Dutta et al, 1998), antiulcer (Gharzouli et al, 1999), antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capability (Schubert et al, 1999;Aviram et al, 2000;Festa et al, 2001), strengthening of the immune system , prevention of heart disease (Johanningsmeier & Harris, 2011) and liver fibrosis (Thresiamma & Kuttan, 1996), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation even at lower concentrations than vitamin E . All these therapeutical activities are related to the presence of diverse 'phenolic compounds', including gallic acid, protocatechinunic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid, and catechin and hydrolysable tannins (such as punicalin, pedunculagin, punicalagin, corilagin, casuarinin, punicacortein, granatin and ellagic acid), and anthocyanins (delphinidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin 3-glucosides and 3,5-diglucosides) (Amakura et al, 2000;Noda et al, 2002;Poyrazoglu et al, 2002;Kulkarni & Aradya, 2005;Viuda-Martos et al, 2010).…”

Comparison of phenol content and antioxidant capacity of nuts

“…Identification and quantification of ellagic acid were achieved using analytical reversed-phase HPLC in a Hewlettleukemia cells (MERTENS-TALCOTT et al, 2003); preventive effect of esophageal cancer in animals (WHITLEY et al, 2003); selective inhibition of the growth of human pathogenic bacteria (PUUPPONEN-PIMIÄ et al, 2001); and inhibition of in vitro plasma and LDL oxidation, showing its antiatherogenic potential (ANDERSON et al, 2001). …”