Intestinal Fungal Dysbiosis Is Associated With Visceral Hypersensitivity in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Rats

Botschuijver, Sara; Roeselers, Guus; Levin, Evgeni; Jonkers, Daisy; Welting, Olaf; Heinsbroek, Sigrid E. M.; Weerd, Heleen H. de; Boekhout, Teun; Fornai, Matteo; Masclee, Ad; Schuren, Frank; Jonge, Wouter J. de; Seppen, Jurgen; Wijngaard, René M. van den

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.004

Cited by 174 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Increased relative abundance of S cerevisiae and C glabrata was observed, and a positive correlation between Candida tropicalis and familial CD was also reported . Similar alterations of these two commensal fungi have been reported in patients with immunocompromised gastrointestinal (GI) tract or Irritable bowel syndrome …”

Section: Impact Of Fungal Alterations On Ibd Diagnosis and Disease Acsupporting

confidence: 62%

Review article: fungal alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases

Lam

Zuo

et al. 2019

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Summary Background Emerging data suggest that alterations in gut fungi may be associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In healthy individuals, gut commensal fungi act synergistically with other members of the microbiota to maintain homeostasis but their role in IBD is less clear. Aim To review the role of gut fungi and their trans‐kingdom interactions with bacteria in IBD Methods A literature search was conducted on Ovid and Pubmed to select relevant animal and human studies that have reported fungi and IBD. Results There is an increased total fungal load particularly of Candida and Malassezia species in the faeces and mucosa of Crohn's disease patients, and a lower fungal diversity in the faeces of ulcerative colitis patients. Caspase recruitment domain‐containing protein (CARD)‐9 polymorphism in Crohn's disease patients favours Malassezia colonisation that worsens gut inflammation. Diet high in carbohydrates increased the total abundance of Candida species, whereas protein‐rich diet had the opposite effect. Anti‐fungal therapies are mostly used to treat Candida albicans or Histoplasma capsulatum infections in IBD, whereas pilot studies of supplementing fungal probiotics Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Saccharomyces boulardii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I‐3856 strain showed therapeutic effects in IBD. Conclusions Gut fungi are altered in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Modulation of the fungal microbiota can be considered as a therapeutic approach for IBD. Future research should focus on understanding how the fungal microbiota interacts with other components of the gut microbiota in association with the pathogenesis and development of IBD.

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Section: Impact Of Fungal Alterations On Ibd Diagnosis and Disease Acsupporting

confidence: 62%

Review article: fungal alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases

Lam

Zuo

et al. 2019

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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“…In patient cohorts, it is reportedly linked to symptom severity and to psychological factors, particularly stress and anxiety . The role of female sex in visceral hypersensitivity in patients, however, remains incompletely understood with to date inconsistent findings …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Are there sex differences in visceral sensitivity in young healthy men and women?

Icenhour

Labrenz

Roderigo

et al. 2019

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background Visceral hypersensitivity plays a key role in the pathophysiology of chronic visceral pain like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is significantly more prevalent in women. Possible sex differences in visceral sensitivity remain poorly studied. We assessed sex differences in visceral sensitivity and their association with subclinical symptoms, trait anxiety, and chronic stress in a large sample of healthy men and women. Methods In 280 young healthy volunteers (50% female), visceral sensory and pain thresholds were determined using rectal balloon distensions. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, chronic stress, and trait anxiety as IBS‐related risk factors were assessed with questionnaires. Men and women were compared regarding visceral sensitivity and multiple regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the predictive value of sex and risk factors for visceral sensitivity. Subgroups with high, intermediate, and low sensitivity were compared regarding psychological and biological characteristics. Key Results Men and women did not differ in sensory or pain thresholds or in IBS‐related risk factors. In multiple regression analyses, no predictor of visceral sensitivity could be identified. While sensitivity subgroups differed in sensory and pain thresholds, the proportions of men and women were comparable, and groups did not differ in IBS‐related risk factors. Conclusions and Inferences Despite the large sample size, we found no evidence supporting sex differences in visceral sensitivity. At least in healthy young volunteers, our findings suggest that sex, GI symptoms, anxiety, or chronic stress do not contribute to altered visceral sensitivity.

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“…Although alterations in bacterial communities in IBS have been investigated, the potential role for fungi in IBS remains largely unexplored [32]. A provocative recent study now sheds light on fungal dysbiosis in IBS patients and how changes in the mycobiome may mediate visceral hypersensitivity [33]. The fecal mycobiome was compared amongst IBS patients that were categorized into hypersensitive and normally sensitive groups.…”

Section: Intestinal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Host–microbe interactions: commensal fungi in the gut

Paterson

Underhill

2017

Current Opinion in Microbiology

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Fungi are ubiquitous microbes that are common in diverse environments including as commensal organisms on the human body. In addition to its obvious role as a digestive organ, the intestines have been further appreciated as important for the development, maintenance, and instruction of the immune system. The gut harbors many types of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, and many studies over the past couple of decades have documented an important role for intestinal bacteria in immunological function. Recent studies are now suggesting that intestinal fungi (the gut “mycobiome”) may similarly play important roles in host immunity and inflammation. This review will discuss recent studies that will influence our growing understanding of the role(s) of intestinal fungi in health and disease.

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Intestinal Fungal Dysbiosis Is Associated With Visceral Hypersensitivity in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Rats

Cited by 174 publications

References 49 publications

Review article: fungal alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases

Review article: fungal alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases

Are there sex differences in visceral sensitivity in young healthy men and women?

Host–microbe interactions: commensal fungi in the gut

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