Intestinal Inflammation and Impact on Growth in Children With Cystic Fibrosis

Dhaliwal, Jasbir; Leach, Steven T.; Katz, Tamarah; Nahidi, Lily; Pang, Tamara; Lee, J.M.; Strachan, Roxanne; Day, Andrew S.; Jaffé, Adam; Ooi, Chee Y.

doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000000683

Cited by 96 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…2014; Dhaliwal et al. 2015). Severe inflammation was found in 19 subjects (63%), intermediate inflammation in 7 subjects (23%) and mild inflammation in 4 subjects (13%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of cystic fibrosis disease on archaea and bacteria composition of gut microbiota

Miragoli

Federici

Ferrari

et al. 2016

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Cystic fibrosis is often associated with intestinal inflammation due to several factors, including altered gut microbiota composition. In this study, we analyzed the fecal microbiota among patients with cystic fibrosis of 10–22 years of age, and compared the findings with age-matched healthy subjects. The participating patients included 14 homozygotes and 14 heterozygotes with the delF508 mutation, and 2 heterozygotes presenting non-delF508 mutations. We used PCR-DGGE and qPCR to analyze the presence of bacteria, archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Overall, our findings confirmed disruption of the cystic fibrosis gut microbiota. Principal component analysis of the qPCR data revealed no differences between homozygotes and heterozygotes, while both groups were distinct from healthy subjects who showed higher biodiversity. Archaea were under the detection limit in all homozygotes subjects, whereas methanogens were detected in 62% of both cystic fibrosis heterozygotes and healthy subjects. Our qPCR results revealed a low frequency of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the homozygote (13%) and heterozygote (13%) patients with cystic fibrosis compared with healthy subjects (87.5%). This is a pioneer study showing that patients with cystic fibrosis exhibit significant reduction of H2-consuming microorganisms, which could increase hydrogen accumulation in the colon and the expulsion of this gas through non-microbial routes.

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“…2014; Dhaliwal et al. 2015). Severe inflammation was found in 19 subjects (63%), intermediate inflammation in 7 subjects (23%) and mild inflammation in 4 subjects (13%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of cystic fibrosis disease on archaea and bacteria composition of gut microbiota

Miragoli

Federici

Ferrari

et al. 2016

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…Last but not least, some specific questions are not addressed in this animal model. First, the level of fecal calprotectin in children younger than 4-year-old, especially infant in the first year of life had several cut-off levels [53, 54], which are not addressed by this animal model. Second, a group for ovalbumin washout period was not included.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of calprotectin in mild IgE-mediated ovalbumin hypersensitivity

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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Calprotectin, also known as S100A8/A9, has been linked to gut inflammation caused by IgE-mediated food hypersensitivities, but the pathophysiologic abnormalities it causes remain to be determined. We created a mild food hypersensitivity model through oral gavage of ovalbumin in Norway brown rats without using immune adjuvant. Changes in the levels of calprotectin and inflammation-associated cytokines were then observed over time. We found that fecal calprotectin as well as jejunal and liver TLR4, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-6 were upregulated in hypersensitive rats. Additionally, the influence of calprotectin on CD4+ T and dendritic cells was observed by co-culturing CD4+ T cells with dendritic cells, which revealed a shift toward increased Th2 T cells in calprotectin-treated cultures. These results suggest that calprotectin, along with other inflammatory factors, promotes the inflammation seen in mild food allergy.

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“…The investigators also found significant associations between gut microbial communities (but not respiratory microbiota) and early‐life CF exacerbations indicating the crucial role of gut–lung cross‐talk in this chronic respiratory disease 160 . Apart from lung pathology, elevated levels of intestinal inflammatory markers have been reported in whole gut lavage (e.g., albumin, IgG, IgM, eosinophil cationic protein, neutrophil elastase, IL‐1β, IL‐8) 161 and faeces (e.g., calprotectin) 162 from young children with CF. The GI microbiome of CF patients has reduced richness and diversity beginning in early childhood (2 years) and continuing until late adolescence (17 years) 163 .…”

Section: The Role Of the Microbiome In Cfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome effects on immunity, health and disease in the lung

et al. 2017

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Chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF), are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In the past decade, the interest in the role of microbiome in maintaining lung health and in respiratory diseases has grown exponentially. The advent of sophisticated multiomics techniques has enabled the identification and characterisation of microbiota and their roles in respiratory health and disease. Furthermore, associations between the microbiome of the lung and gut, as well as the immune cells and mediators that may link these two mucosal sites, appear to be important in the pathogenesis of lung conditions. Here we review the recent evidence of the role of normal gastrointestinal and respiratory microbiome in health and how dysbiosis affects chronic pulmonary diseases. The potential implications of host and environmental factors such as age, gender, diet and use of antibiotics on the composition and overall functionality of microbiome are also discussed. We summarise how microbiota may mediate the dynamic process of immune development and/or regulation focusing on recent data from both clinical human studies and translational animal studies. This furthers the understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary diseases and may yield novel avenues for the utilisation of microbiota as potential therapeutic interventions.

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Intestinal Inflammation and Impact on Growth in Children With Cystic Fibrosis

Cited by 96 publications

References 40 publications

Impact of cystic fibrosis disease on archaea and bacteria composition of gut microbiota

Impact of cystic fibrosis disease on archaea and bacteria composition of gut microbiota

Upregulation of calprotectin in mild IgE-mediated ovalbumin hypersensitivity

Microbiome effects on immunity, health and disease in the lung

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