Intestinal microbiota alterations by dietary exposure to chemicals from food cooking and processing. Application of data science for risk prediction

Abstract

Diet is one of the main sources of exposure to toxic chemicals with carcinogenic potential, some of which are generated during food processing, depending on the type of food (primarily meat, fish, bread and potatoes), cooking methods and temperature. Although demonstrated in animal models at high doses, an unequivocal link between dietary exposure to these compounds with disease has not been proven in humans. A major difficulty in assessing the actual intake of these toxic compounds is the lack of standardised and harmonised protocols for collecting and analysing dietary information. The intestinal microbiota (IM) has a great influence on health and is altered in some diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Diet influences the composition and activity of the IM, and the net exposure to genotoxicity of potential dietary carcinogens in the gut depends on the interaction among these compounds, IM and diet. This review analyses critically the difficulties and challenges in the study of interactions among these three actors on the onset of CRC. Machine Learning (ML) of data obtained in subclinical and precancerous stages would help to establish risk thresholds for the intake of toxic compounds generated during food processing as related to diet and IM profiles, whereas Semantic Web could improve data accessibility and usability from different studies, as well as helping to elucidate novel interactions among those chemicals, IM and diet.

Elucidation of the conformational dynamics and assembly of Argonaute–RNA complexes by distinct yet coordinated actions of the supplementary microRNA

“…MicroRNAs (miRNA), which are short non-coding RNAs of ∼ 22 nucleotides, function by guiding AGO proteins to interact with complementary target RNAs, yielding the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) [4] , [5] . The formation of RISC can promote the translation repression of messenger RNA [6] , [7] or the degradation of exogenous pathogen RNA [8] . In addition to the key role in cellular process, microRNA has also been widely used as an experimental tool [9] , [10] and recent advances have gradually made miRNA therapeutics for clinical utility [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] .…”

The influence of food processing methods on serum parameters, apparent total-tract macronutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota and SCFA content in adult beagles

“…[ 15 ]. There have been many studies on the influence of food processing methods on animal intestinal microbiota [ 4 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Roadmap for the integration of gastro‐intestinal (GI) tract microbiomes (human and domestic animal) in risk assessments under EFSA's remit

“…74 best of our knowledge, there is still no regulation on the maximum recommended intake albeit there is a general recommendation to limit its consumption (Ruiz-Saavedra et al, 2021) and only a very few studies have addressed the impact of the acrylamide intake on the gut microbiome (Zhao et al, 2022). In this context, acrylamide has been shown to increase intestinal permeability, decrease tight junction protein (occludin) expression, and increase the LPS content in the intestine and serum, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, and IL-1b were significantly up-regulated in mice (Tan et al, 2019).…”