Intestinal Microbiota, Microbial Translocation, and Systemic Inflammation in Chronic HIV Infection

Dinh, Duy M.; Volpe, G.; Duffalo, Chad; Bhalchandra, Seema; Tai, Albert; Kane, Anne; Wanke, Christine; Ward, Honorine

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu409

Cited by 426 publications

(427 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Specifically, Rikenellaceae family members were depleted in patients who had chronic HIV infection relative to HIV-uninfected controls (46) and suppressed in IBD patients relative to healthy controls (45,47). Conversely, one study reported a higher abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Rikenellaceae and a decrease in the abundance of Prevotellaceae in the terminal ileum microbiota of subjects with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) compared with healthy controls (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of a Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain for 4 Weeks Modulates Dominant Intestinal Bacterial Taxa and Fecal Butyrate in Healthy Adults

Gargari

Taverniti

Balzaretti

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Modulation of the intestinal microbial ecosystem (IME) is a useful target to establish probiotic efficacy in a healthy population. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled intervention study to determine the impact of Bifidobacterium bifidum strain Bb on the IME of adult healthy volunteers of both sexes. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the fecal microbiota before and after 4 weeks of daily probiotic cell consumption. The intake of approximately one billion live B. bifidum cells affected the relative abundance of dominant taxa in the fecal microbiota and modulated fecal butyrate levels. Specifically, Prevotellaceae (P ‫؍‬ 0.041) and Prevotella (P ‫؍‬ 0.034) were significantly decreased, whereas Ruminococcaceae (P ‫؍‬ 0.039) and Rikenellaceae (P ‫؍‬ 0.010) were significantly increased. We also observed that the probiotic intervention modulated the fecal concentrations of butyrate in a manner dependent on the initial levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that a single daily administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum strain Bb can significantly modify the IME in healthy (not diseased) adults. These findings demonstrate the need to reassess the notion that probiotics do not influence the complex and stable IME of a healthy individual. IMPORTANCEFoods and supplements claimed to contain health-promoting probiotic microorganisms are everywhere these days and mainly intended for consumption by healthy people. However, it is still debated what actual effects probiotic products may have on the healthy population. In this study, we report the results of an intervention trial aimed at assessing the modifications induced in the intestinal microbial ecosystem of healthy adults from the consumption of a probiotic product. Our results demonstrate that the introduction of a probiotic product in the dietary habits of healthy people may significantly modify dominant taxa of the intestinal microbiota, resulting in the modulation of short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the gut. The overall changes witnessed in the probiotic intervention indicate a mechanism of microbiota modulation that could have potential effects on human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of a Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain for 4 Weeks Modulates Dominant Intestinal Bacterial Taxa and Fecal Butyrate in Healthy Adults

Gargari

Taverniti

Balzaretti

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is of interest as it possesses antiinflammatory properties and is reduced in CD patients (30), in particular in those with ileal involvement (15). In addition, Corynebacterium and Erysipelotrichaceae are considered to be proinflammatory (31,32), and the Unweighted (C) (Kruskal-Wallis test P < 0.0001, Dunn's multiple comparisons test P < 0.0001) and weighted (D) (Kruskal-Wallis test P = 0.0011, Dunn's multiple comparisons test P < 0.01) beta diversity comparison within and between each group (Milwaukee cohort). *P < 0.05; ****P < 0.0001.…”

Section: L I N I C a L M E D I C I N Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Paneth cell defects in Crohn’s disease patients promote dysbiosis

et al. 2016

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“…Ineffective glucose uptake mediated by the HIV-1 protein Tat (8) and microtubule disruption induced by the viral protein gp120 (7) are also thought to play a dominant role in the high level of enterocyte apoptosis observed in HIV-1-infected individuals (5,9). When associated with villous atrophy (10), this intestinal barrier disorganization causes disruption of epithelial tight junctions, resulting in the entry of microbial products into the bloodstream (a phenomenon also known as microbial translocation) (5,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large quantities of microorganisms may thus survive at extraintestinal sites where microbial components such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, ribosomal RNA, and unmethylated CpG-containing DNA are usually absent (37). Ligation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains 1 and 2 (NOD1 and NOD2) (38,39) as well as TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR9 (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50) by these microbial products induces potent proinflammatory responses that have been proposed to mediate chronic immune activation and disease progression in the context of HIV-1 infection (11)(12)(13)(51)(52)(53).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligation Enhances HIV-1 Replication in Activated CCR6 ⁺ CD4 ⁺ T Cells by Increasing Virus Entry and Establishing a More Permissive Environment to Infection

Bolduc

Ouellet

Hany

et al. 2017

J Virol

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In this study, we investigated the effect of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligation on the permissiveness of activated CD4 ϩ T cells to HIV-1 infection by focusing our experiments on the relative susceptibility of cell subsets based on their expression of CCR6. Purified primary human CD4 ϩ T cells were first subjected to a CD3/CD28 costimulation before treatment with the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4. Finally, cells were inoculated with R5-tropic HIV-1 particles that permit us to study the effect of TLR2 triggering on virus production at both population and single-cell levels. We report here that HIV-1 replication is augmented in CD3/CD28-costimulated CCR6 ϩ CD4 ϩ T cells upon engagement of the cell surface TLR2. Additional studies indicate that a higher virus entry and polymerization of the cortical actin are seen in this cell subset following TLR2 stimulation. A TLR2-mediated increase in the level of phosphorylated NF-B p65 subunit was also detected in CD3/CD28-costimulated CCR6 ϩ CD4 ϩ T cells. We propose that, upon antigenic presentation, an engagement of TLR2 acts specifically on CCR6 ϩ CD4 ϩ T cells by promoting virus entry in an intracellular milieu more favorable for productive HIV-1 infection.IMPORTANCE Following primary infection, HIV-1 induces an immunological and structural disruption of the gut mucosa, leading to bacterial translocation and release of microbial components in the bloodstream. These pathogen-derived constituents include several agonists of Toll-like receptors that may affect gut-homing CD4 ϩ T cells, such as those expressing the chemokine receptor CCR6, which are highly permissive to HIV-1 infection. We demonstrate that TLR2 ligation in CD3/ CD28-costimulated CCR6 ϩ CD4 ϩ T cells leads to enhanced virus production. Our results highlight the potential impact of bacterial translocation on the overall permissiveness of CCR6 ϩ CD4 ϩ T cells to productive HIV-1 infection. KEYWORDS CD4 ϩ T cells, NF-B, human immunodeficiency virus

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Intestinal Microbiota, Microbial Translocation, and Systemic Inflammation in Chronic HIV Infection

Cited by 426 publications

References 49 publications

Consumption of a Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain for 4 Weeks Modulates Dominant Intestinal Bacterial Taxa and Fecal Butyrate in Healthy Adults

Consumption of a Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain for 4 Weeks Modulates Dominant Intestinal Bacterial Taxa and Fecal Butyrate in Healthy Adults

Paneth cell defects in Crohn’s disease patients promote dysbiosis

Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligation Enhances HIV-1 Replication in Activated CCR6 ⁺ CD4 ⁺ T Cells by Increasing Virus Entry and Establishing a More Permissive Environment to Infection

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Intestinal Microbiota, Microbial Translocation, and Systemic Inflammation in Chronic HIV Infection

Cited by 426 publications

References 49 publications

Consumption of a Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain for 4 Weeks Modulates Dominant Intestinal Bacterial Taxa and Fecal Butyrate in Healthy Adults

Consumption of a Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain for 4 Weeks Modulates Dominant Intestinal Bacterial Taxa and Fecal Butyrate in Healthy Adults

Paneth cell defects in Crohn’s disease patients promote dysbiosis

Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligation Enhances HIV-1 Replication in Activated CCR6 + CD4 + T Cells by Increasing Virus Entry and Establishing a More Permissive Environment to Infection

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Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligation Enhances HIV-1 Replication in Activated CCR6 ⁺ CD4 ⁺ T Cells by Increasing Virus Entry and Establishing a More Permissive Environment to Infection