Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Regeneration and the Promise of Tissue Engineering

Gabe, Simon

doi:10.1002/9781405195805.ch2

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…duodenum, jejunum and ileum, was done to assess the gut health of the pigs. Villi are the finger-like projections in the epithelial lining of the small intestine that help to increase surface area for digestion and absorption processes, while crypts are the tubular glands in the mucosal surface of the small intestine that open into lumen at the base of the villi and contain epithelial stem cells required for repopulation of epithelial cells (Llyod and Gabe 2008). It is evident from the literature that weaning causes tremendous structural changes to the pig intestine (Hampson 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dietary bacteriophages as an alternative for zinc oxide or organic acids to control diarrhoea and improve the performance of weanling piglets

Hosseindoust¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:In this study, the antibacterial substances ZnO, organic acids and a bacteriophage cocktail were added to the diet of weanling pigs to evaluate the effects on gut health. Dietary treatments were basal diet without any supplementation (Control) and basal diet either supplemented with 0.34% (2500 ppm) ZnO, 0.20% organic acids or with 0.10% bacteriophage cocktail. Faecal score was decreased in ZnO and bacteriophage cocktail treatments. The total number of ileal anaerobic bacteria, Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were higher in ZnO, bacteriophage cocktail and organic acids, while ileal coliforms and caecal Clostridium spp. were decreased in comparison to Control. Faecal coliforms (Day 7 and Day 21) and Clostridium spp. (Day 21 and Day 35) were lower in bacteriophage cocktail. The gain to feed ratio was improved in all supplemented groups. The digestibility of dry matter was increased at the end of the experiment in all supplemented groups, while that of crude protein was increased only at Day 21 in bacteriophage cocktail. Duodenal villus height was increased in ZnO and bacteriophage cocktail. Bacteriophage cocktail also showed a greater villus height in the small intestine. Supplementation of bacteriophage cocktail in weaning pig diets resulted in better growth performance, digestibility and gut development compared to Control, and thus, it can be concluded that its effects are comparable to ZnO or organic acids supplementation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dietary bacteriophages as an alternative for zinc oxide or organic acids to control diarrhoea and improve the performance of weanling piglets

Hosseindoust¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med.

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“…In addition, the mucosal surface of the small intestine has tubular glands that open into the intestinal lumen at the base of the villi known as crypts. Crypts contain epithelial stem cells required for repopulation of epithelial cells (Zhang and Xu, 2003; Llyod and Gabe, 2008). For optimal function of the small intestine, long villi are desirable.…”

Section: Physiological and Metabolic Changes Of The Git Around Weaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal health and function in weaned pigs: a review of feeding strategies to control post‐weaning diarrhoea without using in‐feed antimicrobial compounds

Heo

Opapeju

Pluske

et al. 2012

Animal Physiology Nutrition

635

511

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Summary For the last several decades, antimicrobial compounds have been used to promote piglet growth at weaning through the prevention of subclinical and clinical disease. There are, however, increasing concerns in relation to the development of antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains and the potential of these and associated resistance genes to impact on human health. As a consequence, European Union (EU) banned the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in swine and livestock production on 1 January 2006. Furthermore, minerals such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are not feasible alternatives/replacements to antibiotics because their excretion is a possible threat to the environment. Consequently, there is a need to develop feeding programs to serve as a means for controlling problems associated with the weaning transition without using antimicrobial compounds. This review, therefore, is focused on some of nutritional strategies that are known to improve structure and function of gastrointestinal tract and (or) promote post‐weaning growth with special emphasis on probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, trace minerals and dietary protein source and level.

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“…In direct contact with the contents of the lumen is the epithelial layer which is protected by the mucus it secretes. This layer is supported by the underlying lamina propria that is modified into finger‐like projections (villi), with the spaces between villi called crypts (Figure ) . This exponentially increases the surface area of the intestine facilitating efficient absorption by absorptive enterocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic nucleotide signaling in intestinal epithelia: getting to the gut of the matter

Arshad

Visweswariah

2013

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease

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The intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption, fluid-ion secretion, and home to trillions of symbiotic microbiota. The high turnover of the intestinal epithelia also renders it susceptible to neoplastic growth. These diverse processes are carefully regulated by an intricate signaling network. Among the myriad molecules involved in intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis are the second messengers, cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP). These cyclic nucleotides are synthesized by nucleotidyl cyclases whose activities are regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic cues. Downstream effectors of cAMP and cGMP include protein kinases, cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels, and transcription factors, which modulate key processes such as ion-balance, immune response, and cell proliferation. The web of interaction involving the major signaling pathways of cAMP and cGMP in the intestinal epithelial cell, and possible cross-talk among the pathways, are highlighted in this review. Deregulation of these pathways occurs during infection by pathogens, intestinal inflammation, and cancer. Thus, an appreciation of the importance of cyclic nucleotide signaling in the intestine furthers our understanding of bowel disease, thereby aiding in the development of therapeutic approaches.

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Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Regeneration and the Promise of Tissue Engineering

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Dietary bacteriophages as an alternative for zinc oxide or organic acids to control diarrhoea and improve the performance of weanling piglets

Dietary bacteriophages as an alternative for zinc oxide or organic acids to control diarrhoea and improve the performance of weanling piglets

Gastrointestinal health and function in weaned pigs: a review of feeding strategies to control post‐weaning diarrhoea without using in‐feed antimicrobial compounds

Cyclic nucleotide signaling in intestinal epithelia: getting to the gut of the matter

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