Intestinal mucosal morphometry and ileal epithelial renewal in conventional and germ-free rats fed an amylomaize starch diet

Jc, Meslin; Andrieux, C.P.; Riottot, Michel

doi:10.1051/rnd:19920108

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Conversely, Shurson et al (15) reported that germ-free pigs had longer ileal and duodenal villi but shorter jejunal villi compared with their conventional counterparts. In the germfree chicken (21) and rodent (17,22,23) villus length was reported to decrease progressively along the SI from the duodenum to the distal ileum. Interestingly, Ishikawa et a1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Commensal Bacteria on Intestinal Morphology and Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Gnotobiotic Pig

Shirkey

Siggers

Goldade

et al. 2006

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

122

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A germ-free neonatal pig model was established to determine the effects of bacterial colonization by different species on small intestinal morphology and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression. Two experimental groups of 16 pigs were aseptically delivered by cesarian section and allocated into 4 gnotobiotic isolators. Pigs were either maintained germ-free (GF), or were orally inoculated with either a single strain of nonpathogenic Escherichia coli (EC) or Lactobacillus fermentum (LF) or conventionalized with adult porcine feces (CV). After 13 days tissue samples were collected at 5 regions corresponding to 5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 95% of the small intestine (SI) length. In Experiment 2, the GF isolator became contaminated with Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE). In general, intestinal responses to bacterial colonization were similar among GF, LF, and SE pigs, and intestinal responses in EC pigs were more similar to CV pigs. Responses to bacterial colonization were most pronounced in the distal SI regions (50%-95%), suggesting that nonmicrobial factors may be more important in the proximal SI. Relative to CV pigs, the distal intestines of GF, LF, and SE pigs were characterized by long villi, shallow crypts, increased relative intestinal mass, and decreased lamina propria cellularity, whereas SI morphology was intermediate in EC pigs. Relative expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta ) and IL-6 generally increased distally in the SI and was highest in EC and CV pigs. We observed regional variation in SI morphology and proinflammatory cytokine expression, which differed with bacterial species. This study demonstrates that bacterial species differentially affect intestinal morphology and expression of proinflammatory cytokines and suggests that neonatal bacterial colonization patterns may have long-term effects on intestinal health and development.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Commensal Bacteria on Intestinal Morphology and Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Gnotobiotic Pig

Shirkey

Siggers

Goldade

et al. 2006

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

122

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the contrary, Shurson et al (1990) reported that germ-free pigs had longer ileal and duodenal villi but shorter jejunal villi compared to their conventional counterparts. In the germ-free chicken (Rolls et al, 1978) and rodents (Komai and Kimura, 1979;Ishikawa et al, 1986;Meslin et al, 1992) villus length was reported to decrease progressively along the small intestine from the duodenum to the distal ileum. This regional response was suggested to be the result of regional variation in microbial species diversity and abundance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal morphological development and production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic piglets

Gancarčíková¹,

Buleca²,

Žitňan³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The present study examined the impact of Enterococcus faecium on morphological development and production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic piglets during milk nutrition and weaning. The experiment was carried out on (18) gnotobiotic piglets. The piglets were non-colostral and the feeding ration consisted of autoclaved milk substitute (Sanolac Ferkel, Germany). From the first day of life a probiotic strain of Enterococcus faecium was administered continually at a dose of 2 ml of inoculum (1 ml contained 1 × 10 4 CFU).The animals were weaned on Day 28. Gastrointestinal tract was collected from 18 gnotobiotic piglets slaughtered at three hours after birth and at the age of 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. The level of short-chain fatty acids was determined in the contents of jejunum, ileum and colon. Samples of intestinal mucosa (from duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were subjected to morphological analysis. We characterized regional variations in morphological and functional responses of the small intestine. The jejunal part of the intestinal tract of gnotobiotic piglets was characterized by relatively short crypts, extremely long villi and narrow lamina propria which contained only few cells up to Day 14 of life. Morphological examination showed that jejunal and ileal villi were significantly lower at 21 days of age (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, resp.). Depending on age, the concentration of both acetoacetic acid and acetic acid was higher in the jejunal contents. The difference was significant on Day 7 of age (P < 0.05) for acetoacetic acid and on Day 28 of age (P < 0.01) for acetic acid. The concentration of acetic acid in the colonal content of gnotobiotic piglets was significantly higher on Day 7 (P < 0.05) and 21 of age (P < 0.01). The study demonstrated that the respective bacterial species affected differently the intestinal morphology and concentration of short-chain fatty acids and suggested that postnatal bacterial colonization patterns may have long-term effects on intestinal health and development.

show abstract

“…In fact, the hydroxyl group in position 12 prevents the inclusion of this bile acid in BCD, dramatically reducing BCD affinity for cholic and deoxycholic acids (34). Moreover, we have previously demonstrated that poorly digestible carbohydrates, such as lactose or amylomaize starch (the BCD precursor), increased the size of ileal villi and stimulated the ileal absorption of taurocholate in rats (39)(40)(41)(42). Thus, our data suggest that BCD reduces the reabsorption of chenodeoxycholic acid and enhances that of cholic acid.…”

Section: Effects Of Bcdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antilithiasic effect of β-cyclodextrin in LPN hamster: comparison with cholestyramine

Boehler

Riottot

Férézou

et al. 1999

Journal of Lipid Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

␤ -Cyclodextrin (BCD), a cyclic oligosaccharide that binds cholesterol and bile acids in vitro, has been previously shown to be an effective plasma cholesterol lowering agent in hamsters and domestic pigs. This study examined the effects of BCD as compared with cholestyramine on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in the LPN hamster model model for cholesterol gallstones. The incidence of cholesterol gallstones was 65% in LPN hamsters fed the lithogenic diet, but decreased linearly with increasing amounts of BCD in the diet to be nil at a dose of 10% BCD. In gallbladder bile, cholesterol, phospholipid and chenodeoxycholate concentrations, hydrophobic and lithogenic indices were all significantly decreased by 10% BCD. Increases in bile acid synthesis ( ؉ 110%), sterol 27-hydroxylase activity ( ؉ 106%), and biliary cholate secretion ( ؉ 140%) were also observed, whereas the biliary secretion of chenodeoxycholate decreased ( ؊ 43%). The fecal output of chenodeoxycholate and cholate (plus derivatives) was increased by ؉ 147 and ؉ 64%, respectively, suggesting that BCD reduced the chenodeoxycholate intestinal absorption preferentially. Dietary cholestyramine decreased biliary bile acid concentration and secretion, but dramatically increased the fecal excretion of chenodeoxycholate and cholate plus their derivatives ( ؉ 328 and ؉ 1940%, respectively). In contrast to BCD, the resin increased the lithogenic index in bile, induced black gallstones in 34% of hamsters, and stimulated markedly the activities of HMG-CoA reductase ( ؉ 670%), sterol 27-hydroxylase ( ؉ 310%), and cholesterol 7 ␣ -hydroxylase ( ؉ 390%).Thus, ␤ -cyclodextrin (BCD) prevented cholesterol gallstone formation by decreasing specifically the reabsorption of chenodeoxycholate, stimulating its biosynthesis and favoring its fecal elimination. BCD had a milder effect on lipid metabolism than cholestyramine and does not predispose animals to black gallstones as cholestyramine does in this animal model. -Boehler, N., M.

show abstract

Intestinal mucosal morphometry and ileal epithelial renewal in conventional and germ-free rats fed an amylomaize starch diet

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of Commensal Bacteria on Intestinal Morphology and Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Gnotobiotic Pig

Effects of Commensal Bacteria on Intestinal Morphology and Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Gnotobiotic Pig

Postnatal morphological development and production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic piglets

Antilithiasic effect of β-cyclodextrin in LPN hamster: comparison with cholestyramine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About