Intestinal Obstruction in Germfree Rats

Yale, Charles E.; Altemeier, William A.

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1965.01320140031007

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…All of the CI animals (except those with NCTC 10240) died from 4 to 14 hr after either type of strangulation. The Postoperatively, the clinical course in general and specifically the weight, temperature, WBC, and hematocrit of the SI animals, with and without strangulation, were similar to those of our previous studies with germ-free rats (14,15).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Previous studies (14)(15)(16)(17) in germ-free animals have shown the important lethal factors of intestinal strangulation to be (i) the intestinal bacteria; (ii) the blood loss into hemorrhagically strangulated bowel; and (iii) the release of stool into the free peritoneal cavity. The autolytic products of the necrotic intestine, including intraintestinal stool and blood, were relatively unimportant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intestinal bacteria are a major factor in death from intestinal strangulation. Our laboratories have previously studied intestinal strangulation in conventional, monocontaminated (Sphaerophorus necrophorus and Escherichia coli), and germ-free rats (14)(15)(16)(17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Intestinal Strangulation in Clostridium perfringens -Monocontaminated Rats

Yale

Balish

1971

Infect Immun

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Ischemic and hemorrhagic strangulation of closed intestinal segments was studied in germ-free rats individually contaminated with one of seven separate strains of Clostridiwn perfringens type A. The principal findings were that (i) the monocontaminated rats with ischemic or hemorrhagic intestinal strangulation died at the same rapid rate; (ii) intraintestinal blood did not augment the action of C. perfringens in the presence of ischemic strangulation; (iii) although some strains were more toxic than others, several food-poisoning strains were as rapidly fatal as the classical strains; and (iv) the massive amounts of gas produced by some of these strains probably led to the early rupture of the closed segments and rapid death of the animals. The secondary findings were that (i) the injection of C. perfringens into the lumen of the distal small intestine of the germ-free rat produced the typical lesions of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis; and (ii) most of the strains of C. perfringens established themselves throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the unoperated germ-free rat.The intestinal bacteria are a major factor in death from intestinal strangulation. Our laboratories have previously studied intestinal strangulation in conventional, monocontaminated (Sphaerophorus necrophorus and Escherichia coli), and germ-free rats (14-17).The clostridia are common anaerobic sporeforming inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract in man and animals and have been frequently implicated in death from intestinal strangulation. This paper summarizes a series of experiments on the ischemic and hemorrhagic strangulation of closed intestinal segments in germ-free rats monocontaminated with one of seven different classical (gas gangrene) or foodpoisoning strains of Clostridium perfringens type A. MATERIALS AND METHODSOperative procedures. Sprague-Dawley germ-free rats, 130 of each sex, were used in these intestinal strangulation experiments. The average weights and hematocrits were, respectively: males, 439 28[standard deviation (SD)] g; 54.3 ± 2.8 (SD) %; and females, 284 i 19 (SD) g; 50.8 i 2.2 (SD) %. Approximately 18 germ-free rats of each sex were singly caged in each of nine separate flexible-film housing isolators with individually attached operating chambers.One of five separate operative procedures was done on each animal. Under intramuscular sodium pento-barbital anesthesia (25 mg/kg of body weight), the peritoneal cavity was opened through a midline incision. In the first type of operation, either 1 ml of normal saline or 1 ml of a C. perfringens suspension was injected through a no. 30 needle into the lumen of the distal ileum. In the second, a 20-cm segment of distal ileum was isolated by ligating its ends with no. 2 silk. After dividing the bowel above the proximal and below the distal ligatures, an end-to-end anastomosis with interrupted, inverting 6-0 silk was done to restore the intestinal continuity. One milliliter of homologous, heparinized blood (10 units of heparin/ ml) was injected into the lumen of the isola...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal Strangulation in Clostridium perfringens -Monocontaminated Rats

Yale

Balish

1971

Infect Immun

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“…It is interesting to note that, in rats, when a full dose instead of a minimal of anesthetic (pentobarbital sodium) was used, the survival of the conventional group was prolonged to values found in the germ-free group. The effect of single intestinal obstructing ligatures combined with arterial, venous, or arteriovenous strangulation in germ-free and conventional rats was studied by Yale and Altemeier (367). The results showed that all rats with the obstructing ligature died; however, the mean survival time was about twice as long in the germ-free group in comparison to the conventional controls.…”

Section: Shock Intestinal Obstruction Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gnotobiotic animal as a tool in the study of host microbial relationships.

Gordon¹,

Pesti²

1971

Bacteriological Reviews

270

121

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“…gulation die because of any one or a combination of the following conditions: (1) septic shock due to the release of the intestinal bacteria into the peritoneal cavity; (2) hemor¬ rhagic shock secondary to blood loss into the lumen of a long segment of hemorrhagically strangulated intestine;…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%