Intestinal parasitic infections: Current status and associated risk factors among school aged children in an archetypal African urban slum in Nigeria

Gyang, Vincent P.; Chuang, Ting-Wu; Liao, Chien Wei; Lee, Yueh-Lun; Akinwale, Olaoluwa P.; Orok, Akwaowo B.; Ajibaye, Olusola; Babasola, Ajayi J.; Cheng, Po Ching; Chou, Chia-Mei; Huang, Yun‐Ching; Sonko, Pasaiko; Fan, Chia-Kwung

doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2016.09.005

Cited by 53 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This nding was in line with the studies conducted in Kenya (43%) (53), Nigeria (42.6%) (54), and Palestine (32.0-41.5%) (55). On the other hand, studies that showed higher prevalence than our ndings were done in West Africa (63.1%) (56), South Africa (68%) (57), Tanzania (63.91%) (58), Nigeria (67.4%) (59,60), and Mkhanyakude District, Burkina Faso (84.7%) (61). However, our results were higher than the studies conducted in South Africa (37.5%) (62), Eastern Region of Nepal (31.5%) (63), Northwestern Iran (10.6%) (64), Tehran, Iran (18.4%) (65), and Yemen (31.8%) (66).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Its Associated Factors Among Primary School Students in Ethiopia; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Assemie

Petrucka²,

Shitu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) remains a major public health concern affecting both children and adolescents in Ethiopia. However, little attention has been given to intestinal parasitic infection within primary school children. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was done to determine pooled prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infection in this target group.Method: We systematically retrieved available articles on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in primary school children in Ethiopia. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Science Direct between September 1 and December 27, 2019. Two authors independently extracted all relevant data using a standardized Microsoft™ Excel data extraction form. Heterogeneity among included studies was assessed with the Higgins I2 tests. The pooled estimates and associated factors of primary school children’s intestinal parasitic infection were assessed with a random-effects model using Stata/se Version 14.Result: We have retrieved 30 eligible articles with pooled sample size of 14,445 primary school children with response rate of 97.8%. Entamoeba spp (16.11%), Ascaris lumbricoides (13.98%), Hookworm (12.51%) and Giardia lamblia (9.98%) were among the top four causes of intestinal parasitic infection among primary school children. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was found to be 46.09 (95% CI: 38.50, 53.68). Heterogeneity was assessed by doing subgroup analysis by study province/region, with the highest prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection being 66.6 % (95% CI: 55.5, 77.7) in Tigray region, followed by Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region at 50.8% (95% CI: 33.1, 68.5). Latrine availability (OR=4.39: 2.50,7.73), fingernail hygiene (OR= 2.37: 1.67, 3.35), place of defecation (OR=1.67:1.64,4.36), maternal education (OR=2.02: 1.18,3.47), residence (OR= 1.88: 1.46, 2.41), habit of wearing shoes (OR= 2.66: 1.79, 3.96), source of drinking water (OR=1.99: 1.42,2.76), hands washing practices (OR= 3.45:1.85,6.47), and habit of washing fruits and vegetables (OR=1.59:1.01,2.49) were found to be significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was high (46%) in the study population. Therefore, this finding warrants the need to design school children hygiene and sanitation service and expand school children deworming programs to decrease intestinal parasitic infections and improve academic performance in the country. In addition, attention should be given to promoting personal hygiene, latrine utilization, wearing shoes, avoiding eating raw food, and creating awareness for those mothers who lack formal education. Moreover, the researchers try to conduct research on province/regions which have no prior research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Its Associated Factors Among Primary School Students in Ethiopia; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Assemie

Petrucka²,

Shitu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…[1]. Compared to age groups, hookworm infection has been found highest for older age groups (>12 years) than lower age groups (Table 2), which agrees with other studies [6, 26,31]. For instance, Hotez and Kamath [6] mentioned that hookworm infection has steadily raised in the intensity during late childhood with either a peak or a plateau in adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Prevalence and associated risk factors of gastrointestinal helminth infection among primary schoolchildren in Dembi district, southwest Ethiopia

Guadie

Waji

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Gastrointestinal helminths (GIH) are widespread in developing countries including Ethiopia. The prevalence and distribution of GIH infection in Ethiopia varies from place to place due to different exposing risk factors. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of GIH infection among primary school children in Dembi district, southwest Ethiopia, where data for helminths infections are previously unpublished. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 291 school children in Dembi district were included. Fresh stool samples were collected from each student and examined by direct wet mount using both normal saline and Lugol's iodine preparation and concentration techniques using salt and formol-ether solutions. Questioners and observation were also used to identify socio-demographic and associated risk factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. p-value <0.05 were considered significant.Results: Six parasite species of gastrointestinal helminth with an overall prevalence of 30.9% were identified. The predominant parasites were found soil transmitted helminth (STH) type including Ascaris lumbricoides (43.3%), hookworm (26.7%), Ttrichuris trichiura (8.9%) and Strongliodes stercoralis (3.3%). Teania species (6.7%) and Hymanolepis nana (3.3%) were also the gastrointestinal parasites detected from the stool samples. The highest prevalence of GIH infection has been observed in the age of 5 8 years children (36.7%) followed by 9 12 (33.3%) and ≥13 (30.0%) years. Sex, age, source of water supply and latrine usage has a significant association with GIH infection. Male (37.9%) students were two times more likely to have parasite infection (COR= 2.0, 95% CI= 1.17 3.22, p=0.011) than female (24%) students. Comparing age groups, 5 8 years were more likely to have higher parasite infection (COR=1.23, 95% CI=0.233 0.797, p=0.007) than older age groups ( 13 years). Those students used stream as a source of water supply and latrine sometimes were also 1.4 (p=001) and 2.7 (p=0.001) times more likely to have helminthic infection than students used pipe water and latrine, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that GIH infection are important public health problem among primary school children in Dembi district which needs an integrated health control program including periodic de-worming, improving sanitation and safe water provision.

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“…27 A study conducted in Nigeria and Nepal also revealed that A. lumbricoides was one of the dominant species. 24,30 In the study area, there was no significant sanitation and personal hygiene problem that could be probable reasons for the low prevalence of Ascaris infections. Most children did not defecate in open field since they had sufficient latrine facilities in their home.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…29 A higher overall prevalence of IPI was also reported from different parts of Africa. 30,31 This might be due to differences in environmental and socioeconomic conditions, variations in method of diagnosis and community awareness. A huge variation in the sensitivity of wet mount, formol-ether concentration and Kato Katz tests in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites was documented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Its Associated Factors Among School Children in Two Primary Schools in Harbu Town, North East Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Gebretsadik¹,

Tesfaye²,

Adamu³

et al. 2020

PHMT

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are major health problems in many developing countries. School children between the ages of 5 and 15 years suffer the highest infection rate and parasitic burden that are attributed to poor sanitation and hygiene. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of IPIs among school children is high (ranging from 66.7% to 83.8%). Methods: School-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two primary schools at Harbu Town, Northeast Ethiopia from February to May, 2018. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants from the two school compounds. The sample size was determined by a single population proportion statistical formula and the minimum numbers of study participants defined were 400 school children. Sociodemographic and risk factor-related information were collected using structured questionnaire. Data about detection and identification of intestinal parasites were obtained from laboratory examination of stool specimen by using wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. Stool specimen from each study participant was collected using clean, properly labeled and leak-proof stool cup. The data were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Out of a total of 400 study participants, 86 (21.5%) were found with one or more IPIs. Six different types of intestinal parasites were identified, Entamoeba histolytica was the most 33 (8.3%) detected parasite followed by Hymenolopis nana 19 (4.8%) and Schistosoma mansoni 19 (4.8%). The least identified parasite was Giardia lamblia, detected only from four study participants. Male study participants showed 2.42 times risk (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.25-4.7, P = 0.009) of acquiring parasitic infection than female. Presence of water body near to home and having contact with water bodies showed 7.64 (AOR= 7.64, 95% CI= 3.3-17.8, P= 0.000) and 4.6 (AOR=4.6, 95% CI: 2.04-10.57, P= 0.000) times risk of infection with parasitic infection among school children, respectively. Conclusion: IPIs were highly prevalent health problem among the two primary school children in Harbu Town. Sex, availability of water bodies near to house and contact with water bodies were having significant association with the prevalence of IPIs.

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Intestinal parasitic infections: Current status and associated risk factors among school aged children in an archetypal African urban slum in Nigeria

Abstract: Intestinal parasitic infections are very severe among school aged children in the urban slums, thus regular mass de-worming programs, health education, and the provision of safe drinking water is recommended to combat IPIs among the school aged children.

Cited by 53 publications

References 30 publications

Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Its Associated Factors Among Primary School Students in Ethiopia; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Its Associated Factors Among Primary School Students in Ethiopia; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence and associated risk factors of gastrointestinal helminth infection among primary schoolchildren in Dembi district, southwest Ethiopia

<p>Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Its Associated Factors Among School Children in Two Primary Schools in Harbu Town, North East Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study</p>

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