Intestinal parasitosis and anaemia among patients in a Health Center, North Ethiopia

Alemu, Megbaru; Kinfe, Birhane; Tadesse, Desalew; Mulu, Wondemagegn; Hailu, Tadesse; Yizengaw, Endalew

doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2957-2

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This was in agreement with the report in Cote d’Ivoire [ 48 ]. This might be an indication for the incomplete separation of human and animal waste with water sources that are used for drinking in the area [ 49 ]. In addition, the resistant cysts of the parasites for routine chlorination might have contributed for the relatively higher infection rates among those who used protected water sources as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foodborne intestinal protozoan infection and associated factors among patients with watery diarrhea in Northern Ethiopia; a cross-sectional study

Berhe

Bugssa

Bayisa

et al. 2018

J Health Popul Nutr

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BackgroundIntestinal protozoa are parasites transmitted by consumption of contaminated water and food and mainly affect children and elder people and cause considerable health problems. They are the leading causes of outpatient morbidity due to diarrhea in the developing countries. So, assessing water and food source of diarrheal patients and identifying the main associated factors for transmission of protozoan parasitic infections help for effective control measures of protozoan infections. Hence, the current study was aimed at determining the prevalence of foodborne intestinal protozoa infections and associated factors among diarrheic patients in North Ethiopia.MethodsA health facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among 223 patients with watery diarrhea in four selected government health facilities in North Ethiopia from November 2016–June 2017. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demography of study participants and factors associated with foodborne protozoa infections. The diarrheic stool samples were collected, transported, and processed using direct wet mount, formal-ether concentration and modified ZiehlNeelson staining methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and descriptive statistics, bi-variate, and multivariate logistic regressions were computed. P-value < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe overall prevalence of foodborne protozoa infection was 101 (45.3%). The predominant protozoa species identified was Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 55 (24.7%), followed by Giardia intestinalis 25 (11.2%) and Cryptosporidium species 5 (2.2%). The highest proportion of protozoa infection was observed among males (23.3%) and the age group 15–24 years (13.5%). Statistically significant associations were observed between foodborne protozoan infection and not using any type of recipe to decontaminate salads and fruits (AOR = 2.64, 95 CI: 1.34–5.19, P = 0.005) and using vinegar as a decontaminant (AOR = 2.83, 95 CI: 1.24–6.48, P = 0.014). Eating out (meals at a restaurant) on the other hand was found to be protective for foodborne protozoan infection (AOR = 0.43, 95 CI: 0.23–0.78, P = 0.006).ConclusionOur study revealed that foodborne protozoa infections are of public health significance in the study area. Vinegar, which is frequently used as a recipe for decontaminating salads and fruits, is inversely related to foodborne protozoa parasite infection .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foodborne intestinal protozoan infection and associated factors among patients with watery diarrhea in Northern Ethiopia; a cross-sectional study

Berhe

Bugssa

Bayisa

et al. 2018

J Health Popul Nutr

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“…Even though, all two PTB patients from rural setting in this study were infected with intestinal parasites, it is difficult to compare with urban participants due to bigger numerical differences. However, studies from different parts of Ethiopia showed people who were living in rural areas were at risk of harboring intestinal parasites compared to urban dwellers [11, 12, 31]. Those who had dirty material in their finger nails were about nine times as likely to have intestinal parasites infection compared to those who did not have (AOR = 8.99; 95% CI = 2.46–32.78).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal parasites co-infection and associated factors among active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in selected health centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: unmatched case control study

et al. 2019

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Background In co-endemic areas, rate of intestinal parasites and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection thought to be high. However, there are limited studies on the epidemiology of this co-infection in Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study aimed to generate evidence on intestinal parasites co-infection rate and associated factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients (PTB) and their household contacts in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Unmatched case-control study was conducted. Data were collected from 91 PTB patients (cases) and 89 household contacts (controls). Socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors were collected using structured questionnaire. Sputum, stool and blood specimens were collected, processed and examined for PTB, intestinal parasites and Human Immunodeficiency virus anti-body test, respectively. Data were entered and analyzed by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. Descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, binary logistic regression, and odds ratio were used. P-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The infection rate of intestinal parasites based on one stool samples in PTB patients and controls was 22 and 9%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (COR = 2.85;95% CI = 1.18–6.87). The most prevalent intestinal parasite in PTB patients was Gardia lamblia (8.8%, 8), followed equally by Ascaris lumbricoides , Haymenolopsis nana and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (4.4%, 4). Co-infection in PTB patients was associated with body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 (AOR = 6.71;95% CI = 1.65–27.25) and dirty material in finger nails (AOR = 8.99;95% CI = 2.46–32.78). There was no variable associated with parasitic infections in controls in our analysis, which might be due to the low prevalence of intestinal parasites’. Conclusions There was a statistical significant difference in the infection rate of intestinal parasites in PTB patients compared to healthy household contacts. The consequence of co-infection on developing an active disease, disease severity and treatment efficacy needs to be investigated in future.

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“…The household was assigned a standardised score for each asset, then the scores were summed for each household to obtain a household wealth index Z -score, which is a continuous measure and the form of the wealth index used in this study. The two environmental factors, average day land surface temperature (LST) and the average enhanced vegetation index (EVI) for 2015, were considered as they serve as proxies for intestinal parasites, which is a risk factor for childhood anaemia [ 20 ]. Moreover, these environmental factors also impact malaria transmission as they affect both the Plasmodium parasite and the host (the Anopheles mosquito).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copula geoadditive modelling of anaemia and malaria in young children in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda

Roberts

Zewotir

2020

J Health Popul Nutr

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Background Anaemia and malaria are the leading causes of sub-Saharan African childhood morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the complex relationship between anaemia and malaria in young children across the districts or counties of four contiguous sub-Saharan African countries, namely Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda, while accounting for the effects of socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors. Geospatial maps were constructed to visualise the relationship between the two responses across the districts of the countries. Methods A joint bivariate copula regression model was used, which estimates the correlation between the two responses conditional on the linear, non-linear and spatial effects of the explanatory variables considered. The copula framework allows the dependency structure between the responses to be isolated from their marginal distributions. The association between the two responses was set to vary according to the district of residence across the four countries. Results The study revealed a positive association between anaemia and malaria throughout the districts, the strength of which varied across the districts of the four countries. Due to this heterogeneous association between anaemia and malaria, we further considered the joint probability of each combination of outcome of anaemia and malaria to further reveal more about the relationship between the responses. A considerable number of districts had a high joint probability of a child being anaemic but not having malaria. This might suggest the existence of other significant drivers of childhood anaemia in these districts. Conclusions This study presents an alternative technique to joint modelling of anaemia and malaria in young children which assists in understanding more about their relationship compared to techniques of multivariate modelling. The approach used in this study can aid in visualising the relationship through mapping of their correlation and joint probabilities. These maps produced can then help policy makers target the correct set of interventions, or prevent the use of incorrect interventions, particularly for childhood anaemia, the causes of which are multiple and complex.

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Intestinal parasitosis and anaemia among patients in a Health Center, North Ethiopia

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Foodborne intestinal protozoan infection and associated factors among patients with watery diarrhea in Northern Ethiopia; a cross-sectional study

Foodborne intestinal protozoan infection and associated factors among patients with watery diarrhea in Northern Ethiopia; a cross-sectional study

Intestinal parasites co-infection and associated factors among active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in selected health centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: unmatched case control study

Copula geoadditive modelling of anaemia and malaria in young children in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda

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