Intestinal-Targeted Digestion of Heme Chloride by Forming Inclusion Complexes In Vitro

Abstract

Hemin, a heme-like compound with significant biological activity, shows promise as an iron supplement for humans. Nonetheless, its poor solubility in water greatly impedes its absorption and utilization. To surmount this obstacle, researchers have chosen various cyclodextrins with distinct cavity sizes and derivative groups to act as hosts, forming inclusion complexes with hemin chloride. Among these, γ-cyclodextrin has been identified as the optimal carrier, based on a thorough evaluation of its encapsulation efficiency, solubility, and molecular docking. Multiple characterization techniques further confirmed the formation of these inclusion complexes. Results from IEC-6 cell experiments indicated that the cytotoxicity of the inclusion complexes was lower than that of FeSO4. Static and dynamic gastrointestinal simulation digestion systems were established, and the results showed that the bioavailability of the inclusion complex was significantly higher than that of raw hemin. Additionally, only about 0.29% of hemin chloride is digested by gastric enzymes, whereas 9.52% is digested by pancreatic enzymes in the static gastrointestinal simulation digestion system, with similar outcomes observed in the dynamic system. These findings suggest that targeted digestion in the intestine significantly enhances the bioavailability of hemin chloride by forming inclusion complexes in vitro.