Intestinal Vaginoplasty Revisited: A Review of Surgical Techniques, Complications, and Sexual Function

Clinical Characteristics and Management of Neovaginal Fistulas After Vaginoplasty in Transgender Women

“…Each technique and graft type has its own advantages; however, the risk of short-term (infection, flap necrosis, neovaginal abscesses, fistulas) and long-term (stenosis, prolapse, urethral meatus stenosis) complications exists in every technique. 2,3 Neovaginal fistulas are uncommon but may cause significant discomfort to patients after vaginal (re)constructive surgery. Although rare, rectoneovaginal fistula may be a sign of underlying malignancy in the neovagina.…”

Total Laparoscopic Colocolpopoiesis in a Kidney Transplant Recipient With Frasier Syndrome

“…15 Currently, the use of sigmoid and ileum segments is the most popular for bowel vaginoplasty. 10,11 Bowel vaginoplasty has several advantages compared to the other (non-)surgical techniques. It is self-lubricating, gives good vaginal length, texture, and appearance.…”

“…A sigmoid segment of approximately 16 cm long was laparoscopic isolated and transferred caudally in a dissected pouch between bladder and rectum on its vascular pedicle. 10,11 In a follow-up period of more than 3 years, no complications occurred. Endoscopic examination of the sigmoid neovagina showed no signs of inflammation, malignancies, ischemia, or bleeding.…”

Mullerian dysgenesis: a critical review of the literature

“…However, it results in an epithelial lined, self-lubricating neovagina of adequate length that grows with the patient [164]. According to a systematic review of current literature, severe procedure-related complications are rare (0.6%), and overall sexual satisfaction is high (85.7-100%) following intestinal vaginoplasty [165]. Commonly reported complications include stenosis, excessive discharge, malodor, and prolapse [166].…”