Intestine Bacterial Community Composition of Shrimp Varies Under Low- and High-Salinity Culture Conditions

Abstract

Intestine microbiota is tightly associated with host health status. Increasing studies have focused on assessing how host intestine microbiota is affected by biotic factors but ignored abiotic factors. Here, we aimed to understand the effects of salinity on shrimp intestine microbiota, by comparing the differences of intestine bacterial signatures of shrimp under low-salinity (LS) and high-salinity (HS) culture conditions. Our results found that intestine core bacterial taxa of shrimp under LS and HS culture conditions were different and that under HS contained more opportunistic pathogen species. Notably, compared with LS culture conditions, opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Vibrio species) were enriched in shrimp intestine under HS. Network analysis revealed that shrimp under HS culture conditions exhibited less connected and lower competitive intestine bacterial interspecies interactions compared with LS. In addition, under HS culture conditions, several opportunistic pathogens were identified as keystone species of intestine bacterial network in shrimp. Furthermore, the ecological drift process played a more important role in the intestine bacterial assembly of shrimp under HS culture conditions than that under LS. These above traits regarding the intestine microbiota of shrimp under HS culture conditions might lead to host at a higher risk of disease. Collectively, this work aids our understanding of the effects of salinity on shrimp intestine microbiota and helps for shrimp culture.

Effects of Salinity on the Growth, Physiological Characteristics, and Intestinal Microbiota of the Echiura Worm (Urechis unicinctus)

“…The Vibrionales was the major order in the 30‰ group (50.59%), while it altered the salinity results in the decreased, to almost non-existant, low salinity groups. The result is consistent with the previous report in shrimp (Cao et al, 2020;Hou et al, 2020;Tian et al, 2020), in which low salinity treatment resulted in decreased Vibrionales abundance in the gut. In addition, in the 40‰ group, the relative abundance of Rhodobacterale (46.76%) was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05).…”

“…At present, salinity stress has been mainly investigated on the aquatic organism itself, whereas the influence of salinity stress on host-microbe interaction remains in its infancy. Only several studies, in fish and shrimp, have focused on the effects of salinity on the intestinal microbiota composition and function (Eichmiller et al, 2016;Dehler et al, 2017;Hou et al, 2020;Lai et al, 2020;Tian et al, 2020). To extend the understanding of the intestinal microbiota of how host species respond to environmental variations, more investigation will be necessary to fully understand the important role of intestinal microbiota in host salinity acclimation.…”

Quantifying the Importance of Abiotic and Biotic Factors Governing the Succession of Gut Microbiota Over Shrimp Ontogeny

“…Interplay Among Geochemical Factor, Bacterioplankton Community, and Gut Microbiota Over Shrimp Ontogeny SEM uncovered that rearing water salinity, pH, TP, and DO were the key determinants in driving the succession of bacterioplankton communities (Figure 3), corroborating recent studies obtained in shrimp, crab, and tilapia aquaculture conditions (Giatsis et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2018;Dai et al, 2020;Hou et al, 2020). Water DO, pH, and salinity directly affected the structures of bacterioplankton community (Figure 3), in accordance with the notion that bacterioplankton communities are extremely sensitive to subtle environmental changes (Or et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2018).…”

“…It is worthy to emphasize that lifestyle is also key factor in shaping the gut microbiota of shrimp (Cornejo-Granados et al, 2018). More specifically, there are distinct gut microbiotas between wild and aquacultured shrimp (Cornejo-Granados et al, 2017), low-and high-salinity-cultured shrimp (Hou et al, 2020), and freshwater and marine conditions (Cornejo-Granados et al, 2018). In this regard, follow-up investigations following a spatial sampling strategy is needed to test whether the pattern observed here is shared between culture ecosystems or ecosystem dependent.…”

Microbiome analysis reveals microecological advantages of emerging ditchless rice-crayfish co-culture mode

“…This bacterial environment may have unique regulatory mechanisms on the intestinal microbiota of crayfish and affects the health of the host. Given the important role of intestinal microbiota in regulating the health of aquatic animals and the impact of environmental changes on surrounding microbiota, understanding the ecological patterns of crayfish intestine and environmental microbiota is important for the engineering design of aquaculture (Hou et al, 2020;. However, the bacterial communities of the ambient water, sediment and intestine in ditchless rice-crayfish co-culture systems are still relatively unknown.…”