Intima–Media Thickness Is Linearly and Continuously Associated With Systolic Blood Pressure in a Population‐Based Cohort (STANISLAS Cohort Study)

Ferreira, João Pedro; Girerd, Nicolas; Bozec, Erwan; Machu, Jean Loup; Boivin, J; London, Gérard M.; Zannad, Faı̈ez; Rossignol, Patrick

doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003529

Cited by 74 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…19, 39 Numerous studies have found that the SBP but not DBP was independently associated with IMT, and SBP was more closely related with LVM than DBP. 40–45 These findings suggest that at younger age SBP may increase left ventricular afterload with ensuing cardiac structural and functional changes. DBP elevation reflects more an increase of vascular resistance which is a chronic adaptive process leading to vascular remodeling 46, 47 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Blood Pressure Trajectories From Childhood to Young Adulthood Associated With Cardiovascular Risk

et al. 2017

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To identify subgroups of individuals with similar trajectories in blood pressure (BP) from childhood to young adulthood, and to determine the relationship of BP trajectories with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). BP was measured up to 16 times over a 23-year period in 683 participants from childhood to young adulthood. IMT and LVMI were measured in 551 participants and 546 participants respectively. Using latent class models, three trajectory groups in BP from childhood to young adulthood were identified, including high-increasing (HI), moderate-increasing (MI) and low-increasing (LI) group. We found that trajectory of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was a significant predictor of both IMT and LVMI with increased rate of growth in SBP associated with higher levels of IMT and LVMI (P for trend <0.001). Similar to the BP trajectory groups from childhood to young adulthood, three trajectory groups in BP during childhood (≤18 years) were identified and participants in the HI group had thicker IMT (P <0.001) and increased LVMI (P =0.043) in comparison with those in the LI group. Results were similar for Mid-BP trajectories but not for diastolic BP trajectories. Our results suggested that different BP trajectories exist from childhood to young adulthood, and the trajectories were independently associated with IMT and LVMI. We for the first time reported the association between SBP trajectories derived from childhood with subclinical cardiovascular risk in young adulthood, indicating that monitoring trajectories of BP from childhood may help identify a high cardiovascular risk population in early life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Blood Pressure Trajectories From Childhood to Young Adulthood Associated With Cardiovascular Risk

et al. 2017

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“…Both BP and heart rate are correlated with other cardiovascular measures, namely PWV, cIMT and LVMI[35-37]. To assess the causal association between BMI and these cardiovascular measures, independent of BP and heart rate, we took the residuals of the regression between each of these variables and both BP and heart rate and repeated MR and RbG main analyses using these residuals.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the causal role of body mass index on cardiovascular health in young adults: Mendelian randomization and recall-by-genotype analyses

Wade

Chiesa

Hughes

et al. 2017

Preprint

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BackgroundMendelian randomization (MR) studies of body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular health in mid-to-late life suggest causal relationships, but the nature of these has not been explored systematically at younger ages. Using complementary MR and recall-by-genotype (RbG) methodologies, our objective was to estimate the causal effect of BMI on detailed measures of cardiovascular health in a population of young healthy adults.Methods and FindingsData from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were used. For MR analyses, a genetic risk score (GRS) comprising 97 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and constructed using external weighting was used as an instrument to test the causal effect of each unit increase in BMI (kg/m2) on selected cardiovascular phenotypes measured at age 17 (N=7909). An independent enriched sample from the same cohort participated in a RbG study at age 21, which enabled more detailed cardiovascular phenotyping (N=418; 191/227 from the lower/upper ∼30% of a genome-wide GRS distribution predicting variation in BMI). The causal effect of BMI on the additional cardiovascular phenotypes was assessed by comparing the two recalled groups. Difference in mean BMI between RbG groups was 3.85kg/m2 (95% CI: 2.53, 4.63; P=6.09×1011). In both MR and RbG analyses, results indicated that higher BMI causes higher blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular mass (indexed to height2.7, LVMI) in young adults (e.g. difference in LVMI per kg/m2 using MR: 1.07g/m2.7; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.52; P=3.87×10−06 and per 3.58kg/m2 using RbG: 1.65g/m2.7 95% CI: 0.83, 2.47; P=0.0001). Additionally, RbG results indicated a causal role of higher BMI on higher stroke volume (SV; difference per 3.58kg/m2: 1.49ml/m2.04; 95% CI: 0.62, 2.35; P=0.001) and cardiac output (CO; difference per 3.58kg/m2: 0.11l /min/m1.83; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.19; P=0.01). Neither analysis supported a causal role of higher BMI on heart rate.ConclusionsComplementary MR and RbG causal methodologies, together with a range of appropriate sensitivity analyses, showed that higher BMI is likely to cause worse cardiovascular health, specifically higher BP and LVMI, even in youth. These consistent results support efforts to prevent or reverse obesity in the young.

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“…These include measures of arterial stiffness, flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), and carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT), which all have been shown to be predictive of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood . Age, sex, blood pressure, and obesity are well‐described modifiers of these noninvasive measures of subclinical atherosclerosis . From a cardiovascular disease prevention perspective, understanding the multitude of factors and their corresponding level of contribution to adverse subclinical atherosclerotic risk may aid in risk stratification for individuals early in life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9] Age, sex, blood pressure, and obesity are well-described modifiers of these noninvasive measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. [10][11][12][13][14] From a cardiovascular disease prevention perspective, understanding the multitude of factors and their corresponding level of contribution to adverse subclinical atherosclerotic risk may aid in risk stratification for individuals early in life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability of Vascular Structure and Function: A Parent–Child Study

Ryder

Pankratz

Dengel

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundUnderstanding the heritable contribution of vascular measures, from parent to offspring, may aid in risk stratification and atherosclerosis prevention efforts. We hypothesized that measures of vascular structure and function would be heritable in this cohort of parents and their adolescent offspring.Methods and ResultsHigh‐resolution ultrasound scans of the brachial and carotid arteries were obtained in parents (n=558) and their offspring (n=369). Lumen diameter and flow‐mediated dilation were measured in the brachial artery. Intima‐media thickness, lumen diameter, incremental elastic modulus, diameter distensibility, and cross‐sectional distensibility were measured, and carotid cross‐sectional compliance was measured in the carotid artery. Carotid–radial pulse wave velocity was obtained using SphygmoCor®. Heritability analysis (h2, expressed as %) using Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines was performed on the entire cohort and adjusted for age, sex, race, body–mass index, smoking, and mean arterial pressure. Data are presented as mean±SE. Measures of brachial artery diameter (h2=25±9%, P=0.001), lumen diameter (h2=55±9%, P<0.001), intima‐media thickness (h2=29±13%, P=0.014), diameter distensibility (h2=28±7%, P<0.001), cross‐sectional distensibility (h2=27±7%, P<0.001), and pulse wave velocity (h2=26±9%, P<0.001) were significantly heritable. Flow‐mediated dilation and incremental elastic modulus were not significantly heritable. Similar associations were observed in analysis restricted to siblings and complete Trios (mother, father, and child).ConclusionsThese data show that the majority of noninvasive measures of vascular structure and function are heritable, suggesting that measurement of these subclinical risk factors in parents may be helpful in assessing childhood risk for future cardiovascular disease.

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Intima–Media Thickness Is Linearly and Continuously Associated With Systolic Blood Pressure in a Population‐Based Cohort (STANISLAS Cohort Study)

Cited by 74 publications

References 52 publications

Blood Pressure Trajectories From Childhood to Young Adulthood Associated With Cardiovascular Risk

Blood Pressure Trajectories From Childhood to Young Adulthood Associated With Cardiovascular Risk

Assessing the causal role of body mass index on cardiovascular health in young adults: Mendelian randomization and recall-by-genotype analyses

Heritability of Vascular Structure and Function: A Parent–Child Study

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