Following the global proliferation of technologies of digital communication, linguistic anthropologists have investigated the associated signifying practices. Such practices intimately intertwine with sociotechnical systems: devices and programming architecture are designed to support particular communicative practices, and communicative practices are shaped by devices and architecture. Prominent linguistic anthropological approaches to digital communication include theories of literacy, media worlds, language ideology, and the ethnography of speaking paradigm. Linguistic anthropology's distinctive contributions in this area originate in its prioritizing language as an expressive resource and its commitment to a holistic ethnographic approach. In the future, in addition to tracking responses to technological changes, linguistic anthropologists will take up a number of overarching concerns, such as the role of corporate and state actors in digital communication and the increasing prevalence of machines as interlocutors and social actors.