Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: a direct measurement with ultrasound imaging.

Pignoli, P; Tremoli, Elena; Poli, Andrea; Oreste, Pierluigi; Paoletti, Rodolfo

doi:10.1161/01.cir.74.6.1399

Cited by 2,196 publications

(1,416 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the present study, CS only in the posterior region of carotid artery was analyzed because the measurement of IMT in the far wall has less discrepancy with histological findings. 14 Figure 1 shows an example of CS measurement using 2DST. In addition, we corrected Pulse wave analysis…”

Section: The Measurement Of Csmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid arterial circumferential strain by two-dimensional speckle tracking: a novel parameter of arterial elasticity

Saito¹,

Okayama

Inoue

et al. 2012

Hypertens Res

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Recently, the development of two-dimensional speckle-tracking (2DST) technology has allowed the direct measurement of the elastic parameters of the carotid arterial wall. The aims of this study were to determine the feasibility of measuring peak circumferential strain (CS) of the carotid arterial wall using 2DST and to compare this value with conventional arterial stiffness parameters in subjects with and without hypertension. The study included 90 healthy subjects and 40 age-and sex-matched patients with hypertension. The short-axis view of the right common carotid artery was recorded. The CS in the posterior region of the carotid artery was calculated by 2DST using special software and corrected by the following equation: e circ ¼ ln (systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure)/CS. We simultaneously measured the stiffness index b (b) at the same location and the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Sixty randomly selected healthy subjects were used to assess the inter/ intra-observer variability of e circ and b. In healthy subjects, e circ was significantly correlated with b, age and baPWV. These correlations were slightly better than the corresponding correlations of b with age and baPWV. The hypertensive patients had a significantly larger e circ than the healthy subjects (0.112 ± 0.074 vs. 0.066 ± 0.029/%, Po0.001). The inter/intra-observer variability for e circ was significantly lower than that for b. Our data suggest that the measurement of carotid e circ using 2DST is feasible and has better reproducibility than conventional carotid arterial stiffness.

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Section: The Measurement Of Csmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid arterial circumferential strain by two-dimensional speckle tracking: a novel parameter of arterial elasticity

Saito¹,

Okayama

Inoue

et al. 2012

Hypertens Res

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“…All subjects were examined in a supine position and the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries were measured as described previously. 7,8 Briefly, carotid IMT was determined by measuring the distance between the lumen-intima and mediaadventia border of the vascular wall using electronic calipers. Each ultrasonic scan was performed in the anterior, lateral and posterior projections of the right and left carotid arteries.…”

Section: Carotid Ultrasoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with stroke: relationships with circulating endothelial progenitor cells and hypertension

et al. 2007

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Recent studies suggest that reductions in circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. However, whether reduced circulating EPCs contribute to cerebrovascular disease remains undefined. We tested the hypothesis that reduced circulating EPCs was associated with an increased burden of carotid atherosclerosis. The level of circulating CD34 þ /KDR þ EPCs and the extent of carotid atherosclerosis were determined in 30 patients with a history of atherothrombotic ischaemic stroke and 30 age-and sex-matched controls (mean age: 6372 years; 63% men). Stroke patients, compared with controls, had significantly higher carotid mean maximum intima-media thickness (mmIMT) (1.0870.05 versus 0.9070.02 mm, P ¼ 0.002), prevalence of carotid plaque (60.0 versus 23.3%, P ¼ 0.004) and a lower number of circulating CD34 þ /KDR þ EPCs (235.7745.5 versus 400.4756.8 cells/ll, P ¼ 0.027). The circulating CD34 þ /KDR þ EPC count correlated negatively with carotid mmIMT (r ¼ À0.50, Po0.001), and was an independent risk factor for increased carotid mmIMT41 mm (odds ratio (OR): 7.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-36.74, P ¼ 0.010) and the presence of carotid plaque (OR: 7.04; 95% CI: 1.95-25.43, P ¼ 0.003). Furthermore, stroke patients with low (o25th percentile of controls) as compared to those with normal CD34 þ /KDR þ EPC count had a significantly greater carotid mmIMT (1.217 0.07 versus 0.9370.05 mm, P ¼ 0.005) and a significantly higher prevalence of carotid plaque (87.5% versus 28.6%; P ¼ 0.001). Our observations suggested that reduced circulating EPC may contribute to the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Circulating EPC count may provide a novel marker for the burden of carotid atherosclerosis.

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“…End-diastolic intimamedia thickness (IMT) of the far wall of both common carotid arteries was measured at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mm caudal to the bulb, using bidimensional longitudinal sections of the vessel and the distance from the leading edge of the first echogenic line to the leading edge of the second echogenic line, as described by Pignoli et al 21 and Salonen et al 22 To obtain a mean value of common carotid IMT, all 10 measurements were averaged. Plaques were sought in the entire extracranial carotid tree as a focal wall thickening 41.3 mm.…”

Section: Carotid Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambulatory blood pressure, target organ damage and aortic root size in never-treated essential hypertensive patients

et al. 2007

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The relationship between ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), target organ damage (TOD) and aortic root (AR) size in human hypertension has not been fully explored to date. We investigated the relationship between ABP, different markers of TOD and AR size in never-treated essential hypertensive patients. A total of 519 grade 1 and 2 hypertensive patients (mean age 46712 years) referred for the first time to our outpatient clinic underwent the following procedures: (1) routine examination, (2) 24 h urine collection for microalbuminuria (MA), (3) ambulatory blood pressure monitoring over two 24 h periods within 4 weeks, (4) echocardiography and (5) carotid ultrasonography. AR dilatation was defined by sex-specific criteria (X40 mm in men and X37 mm in women). AR diameter was increased in 3.7% of patients. Demographic variables (body mass index, age and male gender), average night-time diastolic blood pressure (BP) (but not clinic or average 48 h BP), left ventricular mass index and carotid intima-media (IM) thickness showed an independent association with AR size in both univariate and multivariate analyses. When TOD data were analysed in a categorical way, a stepwise increase in the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (I ¼ 17.5%, II ¼ 27.6%, III ¼ 35.8%) and carotid IM thickening (I ¼ 20.9%, II ¼ 28.8%, III ¼ 34.4%), but not in MA (I ¼ 6.8%, II ¼ 9.1%, III ¼ 8.7%) was found with the progression of AR size tertiles. Our results show that (1) AR enlargement in uncomplicated never-treated hypertensive patients has a markedly lower prevalence than traditional markers of cardiac and extracardiac TOD; (2) night-time BP, LVH and carotid IM thickening are independent predictors of AR dimension.

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Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: a direct measurement with ultrasound imaging.

Cited by 2,196 publications

References 10 publications

Carotid arterial circumferential strain by two-dimensional speckle tracking: a novel parameter of arterial elasticity

Carotid arterial circumferential strain by two-dimensional speckle tracking: a novel parameter of arterial elasticity

Burden of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with stroke: relationships with circulating endothelial progenitor cells and hypertension

Ambulatory blood pressure, target organ damage and aortic root size in never-treated essential hypertensive patients

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