Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and risk of still birth in hospitals of Tigray region Ethiopia

Gebreslasie, Kahsay Zenebe; Weldemariam, Solomon; Gebre, Gelawdiyos; Mehari, Mihret-ab

doi:10.1186/s13052-020-00857-w

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For instance, we excluded women with a recent history of stillbirth, which is a known risk factor for subsequent stillbirth [ 9 ]. On the other side, the rate in our study was also lower than reports from health facility-based studies elsewhere in Ethiopia; 92 in Yirgalem [ 10 ], 36.8 in Axum [ 13 ], 71 in Gondar [ 21 ], 80 in Jimma [ 45 ], 36 in Tigray [ 46 ] per 1000 births. It was also lower than those from Tanzania, 35 [ 2 ] and Ghana, 34 [ 19 ] per 1000 births.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

The effect of inter-pregnancy interval on stillbirth in urban South Ethiopia: a community-based prospective cohort study

Jena

Biks

Gete

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Stillbirth is an invisible and poorly understood adverse pregnancy outcome that remains a challenge in clinical practice in low-resource settings. It is also a key concern in Ethiopia where more than half of pregnancies occur shortly after preceding childbirth. Whether the interval between pregnancies has an effect on stillbirth or not is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of inter-pregnancy interval on stillbirth in urban South Ethiopia. Methods A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 2578 pregnant women and followed until delivery. Baseline data were collected at the household level during registration and enrolment. End-line data were collected from hospitals during delivery. Exposed groups were pregnant women with inter-pregnancy intervals < 18 months and 18–23 months. Unexposed group contains women with inter-pregnancy intervals 24–60 months. A generalized linear model for binary outcome was applied, using R version 4.0.5 software. Relative risk (RR) was used to estimate the effect size with a 95% confidence level. Attributable fraction (AF) and population attributable fraction (PAF) were used to report the public health impact of exposure. Results The overall incidence of stillbirth was 15 per 1000 total births, (95% CI: 11, 20%). However, the incidence was varied across months of inter-pregnancy intervals; 30 (< 18 months), 8 (18–23 months) and 10 (24–60 months) per 1000 total births. The risk of stillbirth was nearly four times (ARR = 3.55, 95%CI: 1.64, 7.68) higher for women with inter-pregnancy interval < 18 months as compared to 24–60 months. This means, about 72% (AF = 72, 95%CI: 39, 87%) of stillbirth among the exposed group (inter-pregnancy interval < 18 months category) and 42% (PAF = 42, 95%CI: 23, 50%) of stillbirth in the study population were attributed to inter-pregnancy interval < 18 months. These could be prevented with an inter-pregnancy interval that is at least 18 months or longer. Conclusions Inter-pregnancy interval under 18 months increases the risk of stillbirth in this population in urban South Ethiopia. Interventions targeting factors contributing to short inter-pregnancy intervals could help in reducing the risk of stillbirth. Improving contraceptive utilization in the community could be one of these interventions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

The effect of inter-pregnancy interval on stillbirth in urban South Ethiopia: a community-based prospective cohort study

Jena

Biks

Gete

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…Differences in prevalence found by different authors in the same country is not readily appreciated in the prevalence maps. For the same country, taking Ethiopia as an example, Gebrezgi et al, provided a prevalence of any type of IPV of 98% in the Tigrai (43) area, whereas Gebreslasie et al, showed a prevalence of 7.3% (44). In another example in Kenya, the 67% prevalence of any type of violence reported by Owaka et al (45), was almost duplicate of the 37% rate provided by Makayoto et al (46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Worldwide Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Román-Gálvez

Martín‐Peláez

Zamora

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects outcomes of mothers and their offspring. This systematic review collated the worldwide literature on the prevalence rates of different types of IPV in pregnancy.Methods: Two reviewers independently identified cross sectional and cohort studies of IPV prevalence in pregnancy in online databases (PubMed, WOS and Scopus), selected and extracted data [participants' country, study quality, measurement tool (validation and purpose) and rates of IPV in pregnancy]. We considered a high quality study if it had a prospective design, an adequate sampling method, a sample size estimation, a response rate > 90%, a contemporary ascertainment of IPV in the index pregnancy, and a well-developed detailed IPV tool. We performed random effects meta-analysis and explored reasons for heterogeneity of rates.Results: One hundred fifty-five studies were included, of which 44 (28%) met two-thirds of the quality criteria. Worldwide prevalence of physical (126 studies, 220,462 participants), psychological (113 studies, 189,630 participants) and sexual (98 studies, 155,324 participants) IPV in pregnancy was 9.2% (95% CI 7.7–11.1%, I2 95.9%), 18.7% (15.1–22.9%, I2 98.2%), 5.5% (4.0–7.5%, I2 93.4%), respectively. Where several types of IPV were reported combined, the prevalence of any kind of IPV (118 studies, 124,838 participants) was 25.0% (20.3, 30.5%, I2 98.6%). IPV rates varied within and between continents, being the highest in Africa and the lowest in Europe (p < 0.001). Rates also varied according to measurement purpose, being higher for diagnosis than for screening, in physical (p = 0.022) and sexual (p = 0.014) IPV.Conclusions: IPV prevalence in pregnancy varies across countries, with one-quarter of mothers exposed on average globally. Routine systematic antenatal detection should be applied worldwide.Systematic Review Registration: identifier: CRD42020176131.

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“…The review was conducted among 20 109 live births delivered after 28 weeks of gestation to estimate the pooled effect of preterm birth on adverse outcomes. Of those, 8 studies reported perinatal mortality, 24 , 25 , 49 – 52 3 studies 53 – 55 reported stillbirth, 9 studies 27 , 56 – 63 reported neonatal sepsis, 4 studies 26 , 64 – 66 were on neonatal hypothermia and 8 studies 28 , 67 – 74 reported neonatal mortality. Regarding the design of the included studies, sixteen (48.5%) were cross-sectional studies, 26 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 56 , 58 , 60 , 64 , 66 , 68 , 72 – 74 8 (24.2%) studies were case-control 24 , 25 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 59 , 60 ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the design of the included studies, sixteen (48.5%) were cross-sectional studies, 26 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 56 , 58 , 60 , 64 , 66 , 68 , 72 – 74 8 (24.2%) studies were case-control 24 , 25 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 59 , 60 , 65 and 7 (21.2%)were cohort studies. 28 , 55 , 67 , 69 , 71 , 73 The articles were published between 2014 and 2020. To estimate neonatal mortality, the largest sample size was 3463 live births in a prospective follow-up study conducted in Oromia region 73 followed by 1770 sample size in a study conducted in Tigray.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Preterm Birth on the Risk of Adverse Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Admas

Yeshitila

Meselu

et al. 2021

INQUIRY

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Despite remarkable progress in the reduction of under-five mortality, the rate of perinatal and neonatal mortality is still high especially in developing countries. The adverse outcome associated with preterm birth is one of the major public health challenges in Africa. However, there are limited and inconsistent studies conducted on the effect of preterm birth on adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between preterm birth and its adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes in Ethiopia. We systematically searched several electronic databases like PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Google Scholar, African Journals Online databases and Science Direct. All identified observational studies were included. The I 1 statistics were used to assess the heterogeneity among the studies. A random-effects model was computed to estimate the pooled effect of preterm birth on adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Thirty-three studies with a total of 20 109 live births were included in the final meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that preterm birth increased the odds of perinatal mortality by 10-folds [POR = 9.56 (95% CI: 5.47, 19.69)] and there was a 5.44-folds risk of stillbirth [Odds Ratio = 5.44 (95% CI: 3.57, 8.28)] among women who gave birth before 37 weeks of gestation. In addition, preterm birth was significantly associated with neonatal hypothermia [OR=3.54 (95% CI: 2.41, 5.21)], neonatal mortality [OR= 3.16 (95% CI: 1.57, 6.34). The sub-group analysis of this meta-analysis showed that there was an increased risk of neonatal sepsis [OR=2.33 (95% CI: 1.15, 4.71)] among preterm babies. Preterm births significantly increased the risk of adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes in Ethiopia. Therefore, scale-up strategies and improving the quality of maternal and child health care providers should be an area of intervention to reduce adverse outcomes associated with preterm birth. The Federal Ministry of Health and concerned bodies should work towards the prevention of preterm birth and its adverse outcomes.

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Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and risk of still birth in hospitals of Tigray region Ethiopia

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

The effect of inter-pregnancy interval on stillbirth in urban South Ethiopia: a community-based prospective cohort study

The effect of inter-pregnancy interval on stillbirth in urban South Ethiopia: a community-based prospective cohort study

Worldwide Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effect of Preterm Birth on the Risk of Adverse Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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