Intimate partner violence is associated with incident HIV infection in women in Uganda

Kouyoumdjian, Fiona G.; Calzavara, Liviana; Bondy, Susan J.; O’Campo, Patricia; Serwadda, David; Nalugoda, Fred; Kagaayi, Joseph; Kigozi, Godfrey; Wawer, Maria J.; Gray, Ron

doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e32835fd851

Cited by 158 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…There is evidence showing high rates of PTSD among victims of domestic violence (Campbell et al, 2008; Dutton et al, 2006; Machtinger, Wilson, Haberer, & Weiss, 2012). Our results support findings that physical assault and interpersonal violence are common in a population with a high HIV prevalence (Davis, 2012; Kouyoumdjian et al, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence and correlates of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and common mental disorders in a population with a high prevalence of HIV in Zimbabwe

Verhey

Gibson

Brakarsh

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and common mental disorders (CMDs), which include depression and anxiety disorders, in a setting with a prevalence of high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) within a primary care clinic, using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and the 14-item Shona Symptom Questionnaire, both locally validated screening tools.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out with adult patients (n = 204) from the largest primary care clinic facility in Harare, Zimbabwe, in June 2016.Results: A total of 83 patients (40.7%) met the criteria for probable PTSD, of whom 57 (69.5%) had comorbid CMDs. Among people living with HIV, 42 (55.3%) had PTSD. Probable PTSD was associated with having experienced a negative life event in the past 6 months [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49–9.34] or screening positive for one or more CMD (adjusted OR 6.48, 95% CI 3.35–2.54).Conclusion: People living with HIV showed a high prevalence of PTSD and CMD comorbidity. PTSD screening should be considered when the CMD screen is positive and there is a history of negative life events.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence and correlates of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and common mental disorders in a population with a high prevalence of HIV in Zimbabwe

Verhey

Gibson

Brakarsh

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Globally the World Health Organization (WHO) [2] estimates that 30% of all women have experienced some form of sexual and/or physical violence from an intimate partner in their life. There is clear evidence that IPV is a major driver of HIV acquisition amongst heterosexual women [1,3] with studies suggesting up to 25% of all HIV acquisitions occurring amongst women are linked to their experiences of IPV [3,4]. In addition, HIV acquisition is also a cause of IPV [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global comprehensive review of economic interventions to prevent intimate partner violence and HIV risk behaviours

Gibbs

Jacobson²,

Wilson³

2017

Global Health Action

114

112

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Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV are co-occurring global epidemics, with similar root causes of gender and economic inequalities. Economic interventions have become a central approach to preventing IPV and HIV.Objective/Methods: We undertook a comprehensive scoping review of published evaluations of economic interventions that sought to prevent IPV and/or HIV risk behaviours.Results: Forty-five separate analyses of interventions met our criteria. Broadly, unconditional cash transfer interventions showed either flat or positive outcomes; economic strengthening interventions had mixed outcomes, with some negative, flat and positive results reported; interventions combining economic strengthening and gender transformative interventions tended to have positive outcomes.Conclusions: The review highlighted a number of gaps. Specifically, there were limited studies evaluating the impact of economic interventions on female sex workers, young women, and men. In addition, there were missed opportunities, with many evaluations only reporting either IPV- or HIV-related outcomes, rather than both, despite overlaps.

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“…IPV has emerged as a consistent STI/HIV risk factor for adolescent and adult women6–8; prospective research strongly indicates a causal linkage of IPV with incident STI/HIV infection 9 10. Associations of IPV with sexual risk behaviour, including unprotected sex and multiple and concurrent partnering are, in part, responsible for the links of violence with STI/HIV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent partner violence and sexual and drug-related STI/HIV risk among adolescent and young adult women attending family planning clinics

et al. 2013

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Background/Objectives Adolescent and young adult women are at high risk for both STI/HIV and intimate partner violence (IPV). We evaluate the prevalence of IPV in the past three months and its associations with STI/HIV risk, STI, and related care-seeking over the same time period. Methods Female family planning clinic patients ages 16–29 (n=3,504) participated in a cross-sectional survey in 2011–2012 as a baseline assessment for an intervention study. We examined associations of recent IPV with sexual and drug-related STI/HIV risk behavior, self-reported STI, and STI-related clinical care seeking via logistic regression. Results Recent physical or sexual IPV (prevalence 11%) was associated with recent sexual and drug-related STI/HIV risk, specifically unprotected vaginal sex (AOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.52, 2.44), unprotected anal sex (AOR 2.22, 95% CI 1.51, 3.27) and injection drug use, both their own (AOR 3.39, 95% CI 1.47, 7.79) and their partner’s (AOR 3.85, 1.91, 7.75). IPV was also linked with coercive sexual risk: involuntary condom non-use (AOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.51, 2.33), and fears of requesting condoms (AOR 4.15, 95% CI 2.73, 6.30) and refusing sex (AOR 11.84, 95% CI 7.59, 18.45). STI-related care-seeking was also more common among those abused (AOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.87, 3.31). Conclusions Recent IPV is concurrent with sexual and drug-related STI/HIV risk, including coercive sexual risk, thus compromising women’s agency in STI/HIV risk reduction. Clinical risk assessments should broaden to include unprotected heterosexual anal sex, coercive sexual risk, and IPV, and should promote safety and harm reduction.

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Intimate partner violence is associated with incident HIV infection in women in Uganda

Abstract: IPV is associated with incident HIV infection in a population-based cohort in Uganda, although the adjusted population attributable fraction is modest. The prevention of IPV should be a public health priority, and could contribute to HIV prevention.

Cited by 158 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence and correlates of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and common mental disorders in a population with a high prevalence of HIV in Zimbabwe

Prevalence and correlates of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and common mental disorders in a population with a high prevalence of HIV in Zimbabwe

A global comprehensive review of economic interventions to prevent intimate partner violence and HIV risk behaviours

Recent partner violence and sexual and drug-related STI/HIV risk among adolescent and young adult women attending family planning clinics

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