"Into Hostile Political Camps": The Reorganization of International Science in World War I

Kevles, Daniel J.

doi:10.1086/350707

Cited by 62 publications

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“…Rocha Lima's professional career began at the height of internationalism as a practice and value, soon to be shaken by the outbreak of the World War I. The previous decades' efforts to foster internationalization gave way to a fragmentation of the scientific arena into factions (Kevles, 1971). The war consolidated a new type of relationship between science and military power, and imposed the perception that mastery of scientific knowledge was central to national survival, thereby putting science at the heart of the power struggles between nations and center stage in their propaganda efforts (Crawford, 1988(Crawford, , 1992 The career of Henrique da Rocha Lima... Crawford, Terry, Sörling, 1993;Petitjean, 1996, p.31).…”

Section: National and International Brazil And Germany In The Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

A trajetória de Henrique da Rocha Lima e as relações teuto-brasileiras (1901-1956)

Silva

2010

Hist. cienc. saude-Manguinhos

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The career of Henrique da Rocha Lima is closely linked to cultural and scientific relations between Brazil and Germany. He pursued his scientific work at biomedical research institutions in both countries, but it was in Germany that he attained international standing, thanks to his research in the fields of microbiology, pathology and tropical medicine. His prestige and active participation in both Brazil's and Germany's scientific communities meant he was able to further academic interchange between both nations, mobilizing many people and institutions to contribute to this process. I present the obstacles and challenges faced in studying this complex character, whose career sheds light on the machinations of international scientific relations and some socio-historical processes that marked the institutionalization of science in Brazil.

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Section: National and International Brazil And Germany In The Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

A trajetória de Henrique da Rocha Lima e as relações teuto-brasileiras (1901-1956)

Silva

2010

Hist. cienc. saude-Manguinhos

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“…What 15 Much has been written on the rift in international relations in science during and after the First World War. See (Schroeder-Gudehus 1966;Widmalm 1995;Otterspeer and Schuller tot Peursum-Meijer 1997;Metzler 2000;Kevles 1971;Grau 2000;MacLeod 2000c). 16 The Aufruf's authors actually defended their case by appealing to internationalist values.…”

Section: Olympic Internationalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientists from Allied nations, especially France and Belgium, felt that the Germans had so deeply violated the norms of international relations (in science as on the battlefield), that it was impossible to resume cooperation. Accordingly, German scientists were banned from international unions and from the International Research Council (IRC), the new all-encompassing organization, set up around the time of the Treaty of Versailles (Kevles 1971). Many German scientists felt that their Allied colleagues were abusing military victory to dominate the scientific world, which was not a far-fetched idea since the IRC came directly out of the Inter-Allied Research Council, an organization created during the war for military purposes (Kevles 1971, pp.…”

Section: Olympic Internationalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A History of Universalism: Conceptions of the Internationality of Science from the Enlightenment to the Cold War

Somsen

2008

Minerva

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That science is fundamentally universal has been proclaimed innumerable times. But the precise geographical meaning of this universality has changed historically. This article examines conceptions of scientific internationalism from the Enlightenment to the Cold War, and their varying relations to cosmopolitanism, nationalism, socialism, and 'the West'. These views are confronted with recent tendencies to cast science as a uniquely European product.

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“…Físicos de um campo cortaram quase todos os laços com os físicos do outro campo. A Dinamarca foi um dos poucos países que permaneceram neutros durante a guerra e com isso Bohr pôde manter laços com físicos dos dois campos [5]. O seu instituto na Dinamarca tornou-se um lugar onde os físicos das nações envolvidas na guerra, mas que não se envolveram tão fortemente com os sentimentos nacionalistas, podiam interagir e cooperar para o desenvolvimento da física do que ficou conhecido como o modelo atômico de Bohr.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Um Presente de Apolo: lasers, história e aplicações

Neto

Freire

2016

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

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Lasers definitivamente revolucionaram a ciência e sociedade em que vivemos e, portanto, merecem espaço nas salas de aulas de física. Este artigo apresenta uma breve discussão histórica e conceitual sobre a invenção do maser e do laser que pode ser utilizada no ensino médio e permite discutir tanto o princípio de funcionamento e as principais características de lasers, como monocromaticidade e coerência, quanto aspectos da relação entre ciência e sociedade no século XX, em especial sobre a influência das duas grandes guerras mundiais e da Guerra Fria na física. Além disso, são elencados os principais fatores que levaramà invenção do maser nos Estados Unidos e na União Soviética, quase que simultaneamente, e que estimularam o desenvolvimento de lasers nas principais potências da Guerra Fria e também no Brasil na década de 1960. Tanto a importância de ensinar física moderna no ensino médio quanto a importância da história das ciências como forma de discutir questões relativasà natureza das ciências eà relação das ciências com política e sociedade tem há muito sido enfatizada por pesquisadores em ensino de ciências,ênfase que foi incorporadaà proposta da Base Nacional Curricular Comum que vem sendo elaborada pelo Ministério da Educação. Palavras-chave: Lasers; História do Laser; Física na Guerra Fria.Lasers definitely transformed science and the society in which we live. Thus, they no doubt deserve space in physics classrooms. This article presents a brief historical and conceptual discussion on the invention of masers and lasers that may be used in physics classrooms of secondary schools and allows to discuss the working principle of masers and lasers, key concepts such as coherence and monochromaticity, as well as aspects of the dynamics between science, technology and society in the 20th century, in especial the impact of the two major World Wars and the Cold War on Physics. It also presents some of the main factor that led to the invention of masers in the United States and the Soviet Union, almost simultaneously, and that fostered the development of lasers in the major powers of the Cold War and Brazil in the 1960s. Keywords: Lasers; History of Lasers; Physics in Cold War. IntroduçãoApoloé uma das divindades mais complexas e versáteis do panteão grego-romano. Ele era considerado o Deus da luz, conhecimento, medicina e cura, música, artes e mais. A luz Laser, de forma semelhante, * Este artigo foi escrito com base na tese de doutorado de Climério P. da Silva Neto, sobre a história do laser na União Soviética, que contou com apoio financeiro da CAPES, do American Institute of Physics e da University of British Columbia. † Endereço de correspondência: climerio.silva@ufob.edu.br.revelou-se uma ferramenta extremamente versátil, frequentemente chamada de "a luz de mil funções", ou de "uma solução em busca de problemas". Desta forma, o paralelo entre laser e Apolo nãoé restrito ao fato de Ele ter sido considerado o Deus da luz. Lasers têm desempenhado muitas das funções que eram atribuídas ao Apolo pelos gregos. Eles ...

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"Into Hostile Political Camps": The Reorganization of International Science in World War I

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

A trajetória de Henrique da Rocha Lima e as relações teuto-brasileiras (1901-1956)

A trajetória de Henrique da Rocha Lima e as relações teuto-brasileiras (1901-1956)

A History of Universalism: Conceptions of the Internationality of Science from the Enlightenment to the Cold War

Um Presente de Apolo: lasers, história e aplicações

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