Into the eyes of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells therapy for myocardial infarction and other diseases

Abstract

Applications of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been documented for diseases occur in the sports system, the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system etc. However, poor viability of donor stem cells after transplantation limits their therapeutic efficiency. Although the autophagy theory has been reported, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Isolation and culture methods of mesenchymal stem cells are currently concentrate on four ways. Overall, BM-MSCs have both important research significance and clinical application value in cell replacement therapy, gene therapy and reconstruction of tissues as well as organs especially for myocardial infarction (MI). In this article, we review the biological characteristics of BM-MSCs and its research progress especially in MI. bone marrow which has aroused people's interest (1,4,5). Furthermore, BM-MSCs can act as support hematopoietic cells, promoting the growth of hematopoietic stem cells. Above all, BM-MSCs have broad application prospects in tissue engineering, cell transplantation and gene therapy because of the advantages of easy separation, amplification and easy operation in vitro and in vivo (6)(7)(8)(9). Taken together, BM-MSCs have important research significance and clinical application value in cell replacement therapy, gene therapy and tissue regeneration. In this article we review the latest progress, limitation as well as clinical application of BMMSCs. Isolation of BM-MSCsBM-MSCs are obtained mainly from bone marrow aspiration, while human BM-MSCs are generally drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine (10). They are also available from the tibia, femur, sternum, lumbar spine. The acquisition sites of BM-MSCs in large animals are the same as humans, however, rabbits' BM-MSCs need to be extracted in the middle of the tibia or femur bone marrow (11-13). The proportion of BM-MSCs nucleated cell population accounts for less than 0.0001% of them, however they can easily be isolated and expanded by using certain cell culture techniques (10). Stro-1 monoclonal antibody is usually used to isolate BM-MSCs which grow by attaching to the wall in laminin adhesion culture plate with low concentration of serum and CD45-/A-glycoproteins (14). In the past, BM-MSCs isolation methods were mainly concentrated on density gradient centrifugation method, differential adherence screening method, flow cytometry sorting method as well as immune beads method (15). However, high purity of BM-MSCs cannot be obtained by the four kinds of separation methods as described above. Nowadays, selecting the appropriate factor based on different reactivity of BM-MSCs to growth factors, to stimulate the proliferation, obtaining a higher proportion the mesenchymal stem cells has been regarded as a more accurate isolation method. Meanwhile, the new method of using 3 microns diameter plastic petri dish to screen BMMSCs, whose homogeneity are greater than 98%, with capacity of proliferation, self-renewal and have the potential to diff...

Effect of Oral Losartan on Orthobiologics: Implications for Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bone Marrow Concentrate—A Rabbit Study

“…Although platelet-rich fibrin tends to have a more replicable process than platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin provides a higher white blood cell concentration than platelet-rich plasma, then we opted to use leukocyte-poor PRP to obtain lower leukocyte concentration to decrease the chance of inducing excessive inflammation after intra-articular administration [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Bone marrow is another biological product that has been used to treat musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, urinary, respiratory, digestive, integumentary and central nervous pathologies because of the potential to repair injured tissue [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] and has shown promising outcomes for various orthopedic conditions, including osteochondral defect and osteoarthritis [ 21 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channels in stem cells and tissue engineering

“…studied and hold great promise for treating a variety of immunemediated diseases and/or tissue defects. 34 The patch-clamp analysis demonstrated that functional L-VGCCs are expressed in about 15% of human undifferentiated BMSCs, 35,36 which was similar to rat BMSCs, 37 whereby calcium entry through L-VGCCs has a significant impact on BMSCs properties. One study investigated the role of L-VGCCs in the proliferation of rat BMSCs and found that blockade of L-VGCCs by nifedipine had suppressed their proliferation.…”

“…Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are acquired mainly from bone marrow, where they account for <0.0001% of all cells. Considering the advantages of easy accessibility, multipotent differentiation and low immunogenicity, BMSCs have been widely studied and hold great promise for treating a variety of immune‐mediated diseases and/or tissue defects . The patch‐clamp analysis demonstrated that functional L‐VGCCs are expressed in about 15% of human undifferentiated BMSCs, which was similar to rat BMSCs, whereby calcium entry through L‐VGCCs has a significant impact on BMSCs properties.…”

Anti-aging effects exerted by Tetramethylpyrazine enhances self-renewal and neuronal differentiation of rat bMSCs by suppressing NF-kB signaling

“…In addition, MSCs exhibit low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I molecules and are negative for MHC-I [11], which is beneficial for the success of autologous and allogeneic transplantation. In view of their aforementioned advantages, MSCs are considered an ideal candidate for repairing or regenerating desired tissue at present [12,13]. However, a series of researches revealed the self-renewal ability and multipotency of MSCs would decline and even lose along the consecutive passage in vitro , during which cellular senescence has been suggested to occur [14–18].…”