Intoxicação espontânea por Sorghum sudanense em bovinos leiteiros no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(3):217-220, março 2012 217 RESUMO.-Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação espontâ-nea por Sorghum sudanense (aveia de verão, capim-sudão) em um rebanho de bovinos leiteiros no município de Triunfo, Rio Grande do Sul. Essa planta é utilizada como forrageira em diversas regiões do estado; entretanto, intoxicações ocasionais são associadas com a formação de ácido cianí-drico por hidrólise dos glicosídeos cianogênicos presentes na planta. Vinte e nove vacas Holandesas foram colocadas, no ϐinal do dia, em um potreiro de 800m 2 , onde uma pastagem estabelecida de capim-sudão rebrotava e atingia 30cm de altura. Na manhã seguinte, quase todo pasto havia sido consumido e três vacas foram encontradas mortas. Não foram relatados sinais clínicos, mesmo porque os animais não foram observados durante a noite. Exceto pela presen- An outbreak of Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass) poisoning affected three cows from a dairy herd in Triunfo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Although S. sudanense has been used as a source of forage for cattle, sporadic poisoning occurs in association with management failures of these pastures. Cyanogenic glycosides present in the plant may form hydrogen cyanide through hydrolysis and may cause livestock poisoning. Twenty-nine Holstein cattle were allowed to graze in an 800m 2 paddock, in which lush sprouts of sudanense were 30cm high. Animals were placed on pasture at evening and, in the next morning, most forage had been consumed and three cattle were found dead. No clinical disease was noticed. Except by the presence of chewed sudan grass leaves near to the entrance of the rumen, there were neither macroscopic nor microscopic changes, Samples of S. sudanense taken from different places in the paddock were positive when evaluated by the picrosod ic paper test. Such ϐindings suggested that those three cows were affected by cyanide poisoning secondary to Sorghum sudanense consumption. Intoxicação espontânea por

Cyanogenic poisoning by spontaneous ingestion of star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis cv. ‘Florico’) in cattle

“…The clinical-pathological condition observed in spontaneous poisoning by star grass Florico cultivar is in agreement with that described by other authors for cyanogenic plants (Saad & Camargo 1967, Canella et al 1968, Kellerman et al 1988, Gava et al 1992, Tokarnia et al 1994a, 1994b, 1999, Gava et al 1997, Radostits et al 2002, Youssef & Maxie 2004, Amorim et al 2005, Nóbrega Junior et al 2006, Riet-Correa & Méndez 2007, Oliveira et al 2008, Carvalho et al 2011, Juffo et al 2012, Galindo et al 2017.…”

“…Arg. (Amorim et al 2005), Manihot piauhyensis (Canella et al 1968), Sorghum sudanense (Juffo et al 2012), Sorghum halepense (Nobrega Junior et al 2006), Passiflora foetida (Carvalho et al 2011), Piptadenia macrocarpa (Tokarnia et al 1994b), Piptadenia viridiflora (Tokarnia et al 1999), Prunus sphaerocarpa (Saad & Camargo 1967), Prunus sellowii (Gava et al 1992) and Tifton 68 (Gava et al 1997, Galindo et al 2017.…”

Experimental reproduction of cyanogenic poisoning by star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis cv. “Florico”) in cattle

“…"Florico" was marked by the rapid (5-15 min) appearance of muscle tremors, dyspnea, ruminal atony, bloat, wobbling, frequent and/or dripping urination, tachycardia, depression, ocular mucous membranes and venous blood of a bright red color, and sternal or lateral recumbency. This clinical condition is similar to that described in relation to cyanogenic plants by other authors (Saad & Camargo 1967, Canella et al 1968, Kellerman et al 1988, Gava et al 1992, Tokarnia et al 1994a, 1994b, 1999, Gava et al 1997, Radostits et al 2002, Youssef & Maxie 2004, Amorim et al 2005, Nóbrega Junior et al 2006, Riet-Correa & Mendez 2007, Oliveira et al 2008, Carvalho et al 2011, Juffo et al 2012, Galindo et al 2017).…”

Histologic changes in liver tissue of sheep fed spineless cactus resistant to Dactylopius opuntiae

“…It is suggested that the incidence of hepatic necrosis of sheep fed control diet may have been caused by the presence of other antinutritional factors in this plant, such as HCN. Juffo et al (2012) observed that Tifton-grass (Cynodon dactylon) is a species involved in HCN poisoning. The necrosis of hepatocytes is probably due to the low oxygenation caused by HCN, which has an affinity of iron, decreasing the availability to binding oxygen in erythrocytes, breaking the respiratory chain, and causing histotoxic anoxia (Rufino, 2014).…”