Intra-blood-brain barrier synthesis of human immunodeficiency virus antigen and antibody in humans and chimpanzees.

Goudsmit, Jaap; Epstein, Leon G.; Paul, Deborah A.; Helm, H J van der; Dawson, George J.; Asher, David M.; Yanagihara, R; Wolff, A V; Gibbs, Clarence J.; Gajdusek, D. Carleton

doi:10.1073/pnas.84.11.3876

Cited by 48 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These data agree with that obtained from humans where there is an early phase of viremia followed by a period before disease develops when virus or virus antigen is usually not detected in plasma [15]. We were unable to isolate virus from a limited number of saliva or spinal fluid samples from HIVinfected chimpanzees, which is in agreement with data by Goudsmit et al [16] who could not detect HIV antigen in 8 chimpanzee spi nal fluid samples that were tested.…”

Section: Recovery O F Hiv-i From Infected Chimpanzeessupporting

confidence: 82%

HIV Infection of Chimpanzees as a Model for Testing Chemotherapeutics

Fultz¹,

McClure

Swenson³

et al. 1989

Intervirology

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Following inoculation of chimpanzees, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) establishes a long-term persistent infection characterized by seroconversion and the presence in peripheral blood cells of recoverable virus which can be quantitated. Because most HIV-infected chimpanzees have developed no signs of clinical diseases or hematologic abnormalities, their virologic, serologic and other immune responses can be compared with those of asymptomatic HIV-infected persons. This analysis might lead to the identification of factors important in preventing the development of disease. There are now approximately 100 HIV-infected chimpanzees in the United States, and many of these animals could be made available for testing chemotherapeutic agents for the ability to alter virus load or to enhance immune responses.

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Section: Recovery O F Hiv-i From Infected Chimpanzeessupporting

confidence: 82%

HIV Infection of Chimpanzees as a Model for Testing Chemotherapeutics

Fultz¹,

McClure

Swenson³

et al. 1989

Intervirology

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“…Chimpanzees, however, have been infected with several strains of HIV-1 (11)(12)(13)(14) without developing clinical or immunological abnormalities during observation periods of 2-5 years. HIV-1 antigen was not detected in the sera of any of the chimpanzees tested (15), antibodies to HIV-1 core protein persisted (16), and sera retained the capacity to neutralize HIV-1 (17)(18). All of these findings indicate that chimpanzees can sustain infection with HIV-1 for long periods of time without developing evidence ofovert disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Sequential serum samples (12,15) were taken from three chimpanzees (A3D, A86B, and A251) that had been inoculated with the human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) strain HTLV-IIIB of HIV-1 and from one (A22) that had been inoculated with the lymphadenopathy virus (LAV) strain LAV-1. Two chimpanzees (A3A and A243B) were inoculated with blood from chimpanzee A22, and one (A304) was inoculated with blood from chimpanzee A243B.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization epitope with conserved architecture elicits early type-specific antibodies in experimentally infected chimpanzees.

Goudsmit

Debouck

Meloen

et al. 1988

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

468

263

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Chimpanzees are susceptible to infection by di- No antibodies to the carboxyl terminus of HTLV-IUB gpl20 were observed in sera of chimpanzees inoculated with HTLV-ITIRF or with the brain-tissue strain, and those sera did not neutralize HTLV-IIIB. A rabbit immunized with the C-terminal portion of gpl20 acquired neutralizing antibodies that bound to four domains of the HTLV-UIB external envelope as analyzed by reactivity to 536 overlapping nonapeptides of gpl20. One of these domains in the variable region V3, with the amino acid sequence IRIQRGPGRAFVTIG (amino acids 307-321), bound to all chimpanzee sera that neutralized HTLV-IIIB but not to the serum of the HTLV-IUIRF-inoculated chimpanzee that did not neutralize HTLV-UIB. The HTLV-IIIRF sequence at the same location, ITKGPGRVIYA, was recognized by the serum of the HTLV-UIERF-inoculated chimpanzee but not by any sera of the HTLV-IUB-inoculated or LAV-i-inoculated chimpanzees. The HTLV-UIB residues RIQR and AFV and the HTLV-IIRF residues lysine and VIYA, flanking a highly conserved (3-turn (GPGR), appear to be critical for antibody binding and subsequent type-specific virus neutralization. This neutralization epitope, putatively consisting of a loop between two cysteine residues (amino acids 296 and 331) connected by a disulfide bond, is immunodominant in HIV-1-infected chimpanzees and induces antibodies restricted to the homologous viral strain.

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“…Serum samples (Gajdusek et aL, 1985a, b;Goudsmit et aL, 1987) were taken from three chimpanzees (A3D, A86B and A251) inoculated with HTLV-IIIB and from one chimpanzee (A22) inoculated with LAV-1. Two chimpanzees (A3A and A243B) were inoculated with whole blood taken from chimpanzee A22.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%