Intra-coastal ballast water flux and the potential for secondary spread of non-native species on the US West Coast

Simkanin, Christina; Davidson, Ian; Falkner, M.; Sytsma, Mark D.; Ruiz, Gregory M.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.10.013

Cited by 62 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Such local spread and its importance for the establishment of bioinvasive organisms has been examined e.g. at the US West coast [64]. Global spread over large distances is basically propagated by connector hubs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indications of marine bioinvasion from network theory

Kölzsch

Blasius

2011

Eur. Phys. J. B

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Abstract. The transport of huge amounts of small aquatic organisms in the ballast tanks and at the hull of large cargo ships leads to ever increasing rates of marine bioinvasion. In this study, we apply a network theoretic approach to examine the introduction of invasive species into new ports by global shipping. This is the first stage of the invasion process where it is still possible to intervene with regulating measures. We compile a selection of widely used and newly developed network properties and apply these to analyse the structure and spread characteristics of the directed and weighted global cargo ship network (GCSN). Our results reveal that the GCSN is highly efficient, shows small world characteristics and is positive assortative, indicating that quick spread of invasive organisms between ports is likely. The GCSN shows strong community structure and contains two large communities, the Atlantic and Pacific trading groups. Ports that appear as connector hubs and are of high centralities are the Suez and Panama Canal, Singapore and Shanghai. Furthermore, from robustness analyses and the network's percolation behaviour, we evaluate differences of onboard and in-port ballast water treatment, set them into context with previous studies and advise bioinvasion management strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indications of marine bioinvasion from network theory

Kölzsch

Blasius

2011

Eur. Phys. J. B

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“…Of the 62 established invertebrate invasive non-native taxa found in Puget Sound waters, only 25 are spread by ballast (Simkanin et al 2009). Six of these 25 taxa are exclusively distributed by ballast.…”

Section: Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six of these 25 taxa are exclusively distributed by ballast. Other major sources include ship fouling (35 taxa) and commercial oysters (39 taxa) (Simkanin et al 2009). Sixteen and 17 taxa are distributed exclusively by fouling and commercial oysters respectively.…”

Section: Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model Approach for Estimating Colony Size, Trends, and Habitat Associations of Burrow-Nesting Seabirds

et al. 2013

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“…The occurrence of Hemimysis swarms in the close vicinity of harbor walls and piers as observed in Montreal Harbour (and in other harbor areas as well ) definitely increases the risk of species uptake and transfer by ships (Reid et al, 2007) within the GL-SLR basin and between inter-coastal regions as well (Simkanin et al, 2009). The swarming behavior may favor large numbers of individuals to be rapidly taken up during ballast tank filling operations by ships at dock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%