Intra-Industry Trade in the Medical and Optical Instruments Industry: A Panel Data Analysis

Leitão, Nuno Carlos; Faustino, Horácio C.

doi:10.1080/1331677x.2013.11517611

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Considering future work, evaluating the impact of the economic complexity index and economic diplomacy on total and intra-industry trade will be interesting. In the Portuguese economy, several studies assess intra-industry trade, or two-way trade, via the gravity model, such as studies by Leitão et al (2010), Faustino and Leitão (2011), and Leitão and Faustino (2013). However, having a perspective from more recent years would be interesting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Geopolitical Risk on Portuguese Exports

Leitão

2023

Economies

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This investigation evaluates the performance of Portuguese exports by focusing on the 11 main partners for 1990–2021, considering panel data. Country risk analysis has been frequently used to assess the determinants of international trade in recent years. Empirical studies demonstrate that country risk can affect bilateral relationships between economies, especially in economies with greater geopolitical risk. Next, we refer to the methodology used in this research. In this context, we assessed the stationarity of the variables used in this study. Subsequently, models were used to eliminate bias and endogeneity between the variables. The panel quantile regression model allows us to understand the behaviour of variables across different quartiles. The empirical study shows that countries with low country risk promote the performance of Portuguese exports. On the other hand, the size of the economies, both the exporting country (Portugal) and the importing countries (commercial partners), is decisive for increasing Portuguese exports. This finding can be explained as a monopolistic competition with the economy’s scale and industrial concentration serving as theoretical support. As noted with previous studies on the gravity model, the common language of Portuguese-speaking countries reduces communication costs and increases Portuguese exports. Furthermore, the econometric model also validates the issue of geographical distance, where this variable has a negative impact on exports, demonstrating that geographical proximity reduces transport costs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Geopolitical Risk on Portuguese Exports

Leitão

2023

Economies

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“…Além disso, a forma pela qual tais variáveis serão consideradas no modelo pode fazer a diferença no impacto destas proxies 15 : valores absolutos para tais diferenças e, especificamente, valores relativos para a diferença da 14 Esta especificação é a mesma utilizada em diversos estudos, tais como Balassa e Bauwens (1987), Glick e Rose (2002), Kandogan (2003), Emirhan (2005), Leitão e Faustino (2009), dentre outros. 15 A base teórica para a inclusão da "variável diferença na dotação de recursos" se encontra em Helpman (1987).…”

Section: Modelo Econométricounclassified

A qualidade e os determinantes do comércio intra-industrial do Brasil com países da OCDE

2022

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Resumo Com o crescente comércio intra-industrial entre os países, a qualidade dos produtos exportados por um país se tornou algo crucial para desenvolver o comércio e proporcionar aumento nas divisas, pois produtos de maior qualidade costumam atrair mais compradores e são vendidos a preços mais altos, contribuindo para o crescimento econômico. Assim, a análise comparativa das exportações brasileiras é uma boa ferramenta de obtenção de evidências e caminhos para o desenvolvimento comercial do país. O presente artigo busca analisar os determinantes e mensurar a qualidade do comércio intra-industrial (CII) entre o Brasil e os países da OCDE, que corresponderam a cerca de 40% do destino das exportações brasileiras no ano de 2019. Tradicionalmente, na mensuração do CII é utilizada a metodologia de Grubel e Lloyd (GL), sendo que para a decomposição entre CII horizontal (CIIH) e CII vertical (CIIV) normalmente é utilizado o método de Greenaway, Hine and Milner (GHM). Adicionalmente aos métodos mencionados, o presente estudo utiliza o método de Fontagné e Freudenberg (FF), pois ele possibilita a minimização de algumas limitações dos métodos anteriormente citados. Utilizando dados extraídos do Trade Map -(International Trade Centre - ITC) para os anos de 2001 a 2016, o qual capta choques importantes desde o início do período até o afastamento da presidente Dilma Roussef, esta pesquisa verificou que há diferenciação vertical entre os produtos exportados e importados pelo Brasil a cada um dos 35 países-membros da organização, além de investigar os determinantes do CIIV seguindo um modelo econométrico de dados em painel baseado em Falvey e Kierzkowski. A qualidade dos produtos exportados pelo Brasil mostrou-se, na média, inferior aos produtos importados pelo país durante o período em questão. Isso, conforme verificado nesse estudo, é explicado pela diferença entre a dotação de recursos dos países (Brasil e países da OCDE). Já sob uma ótica mais desagregada, o estudo mostrou que o Brasil se destaca em alguns setores frente a alguns países específicos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verifica-se que há necessidade de políticas comerciais e produtivas destinadas à melhoria da qualidade das exportações brasileiras, em diferentes setores, a fim de reduzir as diferenças entre as dotações de recursos para com os países de maior nível de renda, assim propiciando melhores condições de incremento da renda nacional por meio da exportação de produtos de melhor qualidade.

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“…However, empirical studies of horizontal and vertical IIT became notable in the literature with the investigation, for example, by Greenaway et al [5]. In this line, the researchers used countries and industry characteristics to explain the determinants of IIT (e.g., Faustino and Leitão [6]; Leitão and Faustino [7]; Jambor and Leitão [8]; and Doanh and In other words, existing gaps in the literature regarding these topics need to be filled and explored to understand this possible relationship in Portugal better. For this reason, the present research aims to fill the abovementioned gaps by analysing the impact of IIT between Portugal and Spain on Portuguese CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Intra-Industry Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Renewable Energy on Portuguese Carbon Dioxide Emissions

2022

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This paper revisited the link between intra-industry trade (IIT) between Portugal and Spain and Portuguese carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The research also considers the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on CO2 emissions, pondering the arguments of the pollution haven hypothesis and the halo hypothesis. As an econometric strategy, this investigation has applied panel data, namely a Pooled Mean Group of an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Panel Quantile Regression (PQR). The preliminary unit root tests indicated that IIT, Portuguese and Spanish renewable energy, and Portuguese FDI are integrated into the first differences and stationary with the second generation test (Pesaran methodology). In the next step, this study applied the multicollinearity test and cross-dependence between the variables. The variance inflation factor test demonstrated that FDI and IIT have no multicollinear problems. However, as expected, collinearity exists between Portuguese and Spanish renewable energy. Regarding the cross-sectional dependence test, this investigation concluded that the variables have a dependence between them. The cointegration test revealed that the variables are overall cointegrated. In the econometric results with the ARDL estimator, this investigation has found that IIT between Portugal and Spain is negatively correlated with Portuguese CO2 emissions, showing that this type of trade encourages environmental improvements. However, the PQR demonstrates that there is an opposite relationship. According to this, Portuguese and Spanish renewable energy is negatively impacted by CO2 emissions, revealing that renewable energy aims to decrease pollution. Finally, Portuguese FDI reduces CO2 emissions, which is explained by product differentiation, innovation, and monopolistic competition.

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Intra-Industry Trade in the Medical and Optical Instruments Industry: A Panel Data Analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

The Impact of Geopolitical Risk on Portuguese Exports

The Impact of Geopolitical Risk on Portuguese Exports

A qualidade e os determinantes do comércio intra-industrial do Brasil com países da OCDE

The Role of Intra-Industry Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Renewable Energy on Portuguese Carbon Dioxide Emissions

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