“…The NIR-emitting QDs comprise II -VI, IV -VI, and III -V compounds, such as CdSe, CdTe, HgTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, InAs, InP, and GaAs, as well as alloys of these materials, and core@shell structures, which can allow the emission tuning further and alter the fluorescence lifetimes. Interesting probes are based on self-illuminating QDs, using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from bioluminescent proteins conjugated to the QD [118,119] . However, the potential toxicity due to heavy metal ions has to be taken into account and may be detrimental for their use in clinical bioimaging [120] and limit their use to in vitro and diagnostic assays.…”