Intra-match competitive intensity in French football Ligue 1 and rugby Top 14

Scelles, Nicolas; Durand, Christophe; Bah, Thierno; Rioult, François

doi:10.1504/ijsmm.2011.041569

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The league standing effect, earlier described by Neale (1964), also drives football fans attention. Indeed, Andreff and Scelles (2015) empirically confirm its importance, as well as some other papers -analyzing it as competitive intensity -showing its positive effect on both tickets and TV demand (Scelles et al, 2011a(Scelles et al, ,b, 2013aAddesa, 2019, 2020). Similarly, if the team still is in the fight to win the championship, attendance is higher (Pawlowski and Nalbantis, 2015).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 75%

Football Fans’ Emotions: Uncertainty Against Brand Perception

2020

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Football is an industry driven by emotions. Fans experience many different emotions related to their teams. This paper aims to inspect how emotions impact attendance at football matches, examining whether football fans prefer to watch highly competitive matches or matches between good teams with star-players. The paper also considers behavioral and emotional differences of match spectators when brand-teams play away or at home. Importantly, we are also looking for the effects that the expectations of these emotions have on the tickets' price mechanism. We use data from three seasons of the Brazilian State championship with information on more than 1,100 matches. The OLS estimator with the moderation marginal effects allows for analysis of a brandteam playing with different levels of uncertainty over the outcomes measured by the relative level of the divisions of rivals. We look for the difference between the marginal contribution of the brand-team and the uncertainty of outcomes that might change under some conditions. The analysis is performed later using two subsamples and, finally, we address the problem of endogeneity in price using an instrumental variable. From our results, the main findings are: first, that the price of tickets does not much affect the demand when a brand-team is playing. In case of competitive matches between non-brand-teams, price behavior correlates to the rationality of the demand curve having a negative impact. The fact that price is not relevant for matches with the brand-team comes to corroborate the idea that fans are driven more by emotions than by economic reasoning; second, the phenomena of highly competitive matches does not work when a brand-team is playing against a small one; and third, the effect of a brand-team playing is relatively more important than the uncertainty of outcome. The last two findings mean that the satisfaction of watching star-players or big-teams is stronger than the emotion brought by a competitive match.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 75%

Football Fans’ Emotions: Uncertainty Against Brand Perception

2020

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“…As this is the first time that this has been undertaken in women's football, our study will provide new results to the literature. Furthermore, due to the knock-out format of the UWCL, we construct a variable of intra-match uncertainty (Scelles et al, 2011) considering the possibility of score reversal after the first leg game has been played (i.e. competitive intensity, see Method section for more details).…”

Section: Outcome Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

The determinants of stadium attendance in elite women’s football: Evidence from the UEFA Women's Champions League

Valenti

Scelles

Morrow

2020

Sport Management Review

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Women's football struggles to build a solid platform in terms of fan interest. However, while an increase in gate receipts can help assist its long-term sustainability, there is limited evidence in the academic literature on the factors influencing spectator demand in women's football.The authors investigate determinants of stadium attendance for UEFA Women's Champions League (UWCL) matches. Using regression models deployed on 554 UWCL games played between 2009/10 and 2017/18, the authors examine contextual and sport-related variables as the main predictors of stadium attendance. Findings show that there is no continuous growth of attendance over the period examined, and highlight that spectators' interest is positively associated with five factors: stage of the competition, uncertainty of match outcome, competitive intensity, away club's reputation and weather conditions. Football governing bodies should put in place initiatives to ensure match outcome uncertainty is maintained as this represents a key determinant to maximise stadium attendance. Based on the specific context of European women's football, recommendations to foster its development are discussed. These include incentivising investment into the elite women's game and designing sport policies to encourage participation at grassroots levels.

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“…Therefore, this specific sub-competition has great importance for such clubs and their stakeholders. Scelles et al (2011a) worked with an intraleague and Scelles et al (2011b) on an intramatch CI concept. They used metrics for measuring uncertain situations of teams regarding a subcompetition and ranking changes in relation to the sub-competitions in the first French football, rugby and basketball leagues.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring competitive intensity in sports leagues

Wagner

Preuß

Könecke

2020

SBM

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PurposeFor managers of sports leagues, it is crucial to produce an attractive competition. For that to happen, it is vital to consider that leagues frequently have more sub-competitions than “just” the championship. In European top football leagues, for instance, four sub-competitions are common (championship, qualification for Champions- or Europa League, avoiding relegation). This paper introduces a new method for measuring competitive intensity (CI) in round-robin sports leagues considering all relevant sub-competitions and applies it to Germany's Bundesliga.Design/methodology/approachThe newly developed model calculates a CI-Index for each sub-competition and the league as a whole. The application to the Bundesliga analyzes its viability and the development of the league's CI over the past 22 seasons.FindingsThe newly introduced CI-Indices prove to be a viable tool for evaluating a league's competitive intensity. The application to the Bundesliga shows that the seasonal CI dropped after 2009/10, which can mainly be attributed to a decline in the championship's CI.Practical implicationsThe results show that it is important to facilitate a high CI in each of Bundesliga's four sub-competitions. Efforts have to be made to ensure that especially the Europa League remains as attractive as possible for the participating teams and their fans because this sub-competition constantly makes the greatest contribution to the seasonal CI.Originality/valueThe new method measures competitive intensity by quantifying the different sub-competitions and their contribution to the seasonal CI. This allows the organizers of sports leagues to assess the intensity of the individual sub-competitions as well as the league as a whole.

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Intra-match competitive intensity in French football Ligue 1 and rugby Top 14

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Football Fans’ Emotions: Uncertainty Against Brand Perception

Football Fans’ Emotions: Uncertainty Against Brand Perception

The determinants of stadium attendance in elite women’s football: Evidence from the UEFA Women's Champions League

Measuring competitive intensity in sports leagues

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