Intra‐ocular growth and differentiation of the mouse embryonic shield implanted directly and following in vitro cultivation

Grobstein, Clifford

doi:10.1002/jez.1401160308

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The developmental competence of the mouse embryo's native pluripotent cells has been studied extensively in classical studies using heterotopic grafting (Grobstein 1951(Grobstein , 1952 and in situ labeling (Lawson et al 1991). In those studies, postimplantation embryonic epiblast never developed into TB derivatives.…”

Section: D8 R M Roberts and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of trophoblast cells from human embryonic stem cells: to be or not to be?

et al. 2014

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It is imperative to unveil the full range of differentiated cell types into which human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can develop. The need is twofold: it will delimit the therapeutic utility of these stem cells and is necessary to place their position accurately in the developmental hierarchy of lineage potential. Accumulated evidence suggested that hPSC could develop in vitro into an extraembryonic lineage (trophoblast (TB)) that is typically inaccessible to pluripotent embryonic cells during embryogenesis. However, whether these differentiated cells are truly authentic TB has been challenged. In this debate, we present a case for and a case against TB differentiation from hPSCs. By analogy to other differentiation systems, our debate is broadly applicable, as it articulates higher and more challenging standards for judging whether a given cell type has been genuinely produced from hPSC differentiation.Reproduction (2014) 147 D1-D12

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Section: D8 R M Roberts and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of trophoblast cells from human embryonic stem cells: to be or not to be?

et al. 2014

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“…The fundamental definition of pluripotency harkens from a rich history of embryological research. Embryonic pluripotency in mammals was first appreciated by Grobstein, Solter, Švajger, and coworkers in the 1950 -1970s when they transplanted rodent epiblast tissue into heterotopic locations (under the kidney capsule or into the eye chamber) (120,189,318). The results were striking.…”

Section: E Salient Properties Of the Escmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mammalian pluripotency was initially appreciated over six decades ago. In the 1950 -1970s, the epiblast was first recognized as the seat of embryonic pluripotency in mammalian development (120) (reviewed in sect. I).…”

Section: A Pluripotent Epiblast Cells Are the Foundation Of Mammaliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex Uno Plures: Molecular Designs for Embryonic Pluripotency

Loh

Lim

Ang

2015

Physiological Reviews

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Pluripotent cells in embryos are situated near the apex of the hierarchy of developmental potential. They are capable of generating all cell types of the mammalian body proper. Therefore, they are the exemplar of stem cells. In vivo, pluripotent cells exist transiently and become expended within a few days of their establishment. Yet, when explanted into artificial culture conditions, they can be indefinitely propagated in vitro as pluripotent stem cell lines. A host of transcription factors and regulatory genes are now known to underpin the pluripotent state. Nonetheless, how pluripotent cells are equipped with their vast multilineage differentiation potential remains elusive. Consensus holds that pluripotency transcription factors prevent differentiation by inhibiting the expression of differentiation genes. However, this does not explain the developmental potential of pluripotent cells. We have presented another emergent perspective, namely, that pluripotency factors function as lineage specifiers that enable pluripotent cells to differentiate into specific lineages, therefore endowing pluripotent cells with their multilineage potential. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the developmental biology, transcription factors, and extrinsic signaling associated with pluripotent cells, and their accompanying subtypes, in vitro heterogeneity and chromatin states. Although much has been learned since the appreciation of mammalian pluripotency in the 1950s and the derivation of embryonic stem cell lines in 1981, we will specifically emphasize what currently remains unclear. However, the view that pluripotency factors capacitate differentiation, recently corroborated by experimental evidence, might perhaps address the long-standing question of how pluripotent cells are endowed with their multilineage differentiation potential.

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“…Orthotopic and heterotopic grafts of labeled epiblast cells have demonstrated that they can contribute to derivatives of each of the three germ layers [Tam, 1989;Tam and Beddington, 19871. Similarly, explants of isolated epiblast cells are able to form ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal structures in ectopic sites and in vitro [Grobstein, 1951;Snow, 19811. Such studies provide information on the prospective potency of epiblast cells, i.e., the tissue that these cells were able to contribute to after transplantation, but de -not reveal the fate of these cells in the intact embryo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allocation of epiblast cells to germ layer derivatives during mouse gastrulation as studied with a retroviral vector

1995

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The embryonic ectoderm, or epiblast, is the source of the three primary germ layers that form during gastrulation in the mouse embryo. Previous studies have investigated the fate of epiblast cells in early gastrulation stages using clonal analysis of cell lineage and in late gastrulation stages using transplantation of labeled grafts. In this study, we studied the fate of late gastrulation stage epiblast using a clonal analysis based on a retroviral vector encoding the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. We found that by reducing the volume of viral suspension injected into each embryo, it was possible to achieve single infectious events. Our analysis of 20 embryos singly infected at the late streak stage and 21 at the head fold stage revealed clonal descendants in only a single germ layer in each embryo. These results indicate that allocation of epiblast progenitors to a single germ layer fate has occurred by late gastrulation in mouse embryos.

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Intra‐ocular growth and differentiation of the mouse embryonic shield implanted directly and following in vitro cultivation

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Differentiation of trophoblast cells from human embryonic stem cells: to be or not to be?

Differentiation of trophoblast cells from human embryonic stem cells: to be or not to be?

Ex Uno Plures: Molecular Designs for Embryonic Pluripotency

Allocation of epiblast cells to germ layer derivatives during mouse gastrulation as studied with a retroviral vector

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