Intra-puparial development of the black soldier-fly,Hermetia illucens

Barros-Cordeiro, Karine Brenda; Báo, Sônia Nair; Pujol-Luz, José Roberto

doi:10.1093/jis/14.1.83

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Four stages of intra-puparial development were identified, which is in agreement with previous reports (Pujol-Luz and Barros-Cordeiro 2012; Barros-Cordeiro et al 2014;CepedaPalacios and Scholl 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The sampled specimens were fixed in ethanol (96%), followed first by a treatment with Carnoy solution for 24 hours and then with formic acid (5%) for 48 hours. This chemical treatment, facilitated the removal of the puparium using the methodology proposed by Cepeda-Palacios and Scholl (2000), Pujol-Luz and Barros-Cordeiro (2012) and Barros-Cordeiro et al (2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age of the pupa has been used to estimate the postmortem interval, and has also been documented for a few dipteran species of forensic importance such as in the Calliphoridae: Calliphora erythrocephala (Macquart, 1834) (Wolfe 1954), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (PujolLuz and Barros-Cordeiro 2012) and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart, 1842) (Ma et al 2015)]; Muscidae: Musca domestica Linneaus, 1758 (Fraenkel and Bhaskaran 1973); Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaga bullata (Parker, 1916) (Fraenkel and Bhaskaran 1973); and Stratiomyidae: Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Barros-Cordeiro et al 2014). This information has also been reported for some dipterans with medical and veterinary interest: Cephenemya phobifera (Clark, 1815) (Bennett 1962), Cuterebra tenebrosa Coquillet, 1898 (Baird 1972;Baird 1975), Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) (Lello et al 1985), Hypoderma linaetum (Viller, 1789), Hypoderma bovis (Linnaeus, 1761) (Scholl and Weintraub 1988), Cuterebra fontinella Clark, 1827 (Scholl 1991), and Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus, 1758) (CepedaPalacios and Scholl 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…All observations were documented and imaged using a photographic camera (Optika PRO 5 Digital Camera 4083.12, Italy) adapted to the stereoscope. In addition it is included the stage of pre-pupa, pupariation and the morphological description of the pupa and the beginning of the imago and emergence, according to Fraenkel and Bhaskaran (1973), Pujol-Luz and BarrosCordeiro (2012) and Barros-Cordeiro et al (2014) The methodology used in this study was adapted from Cepeda-Palacios and Scholl (2000) and Pujol-Luz and Barros-Cordeiro (2012). To describe the morphology of the intra-puparial stages we used the methodology of Fraenkel and Bhaskaran (1973), Cepeda-Palacios and Scholl (2000) and Pujol-Luz & Barros-Cordeiro (2012).…”

Section: Intra-puparial Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intra-puparial development of Lucilia eximia (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

2017

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There are few studies about the intra-puparial development in Diptera, nonetheless its importance has been increased because several dipteran species are of forensic interest. Studies on the life cycles of flies often disregard the changes that occur inside the pupae. The objectives of this research were to analyze the intra-puparial development of Lucilia eximia, and to describe chronological and morphological changes that occur during this stage. Around 1.600 specimens were laboratory-reared. The pre-pupae were identified by the reduction of their size and change in coloration, and 10 individuals were sampled every three hours (n=1.000) until adult emergence. The specimens were fixed in 96% alcohol, subsequently immersed in Canoy solution for 24 hours and in formic acid (5%) for 48 hours, to facilitate dissection and analysis of the morphological changes of the individuals. Four stages of the intra-pupal development of L. eximia were observed: 1) Larva-pupa apolysis, which lasted 23 ± 1.08 h; 2) Cryptocephalic pupa, 5 ± 0.53 h; 3) Phanerocephalic pupa, 92 ± 1.94 h; and 4) Pharate adult: Transparents eyes, 125 ± 2.15 h; Yellow eyes, 23 ± 0.89 h; Pink eyes, 14 ± 0.73 h; and Red eyes, 20 ± 0.60 h. The pharate adult is completely formed after 296 hours and the emergence of the adult occurred after 302 ± 3.81 h. In addition, there were included the stage of pre-pupa, pupariation and the beginning of the adult stage, Imago and adult emergence. Each stage is described and compared with those described for Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae). KEYWORDS: Immature insects, Metamorphosis, Forensic entomology, Postmortem interval.Desenvolvimento Intra-pupal de Lucilia eximia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) RESUMO No mundo existem poucos estudos sobre o desenvolvimento intrapupal de Diptera. Comumente, os estudos dos ciclos de vida das espécies de moscas são feitos eliminando o desenvolvimento embrionário que é muito importante, principalmente nas espécies de interesse forense. O principal objetivo foi o de analisar o desenvolvimento intrapupal de Lucilia eximia, descrevendo as mudanças morfológicas que ocorrem durante o desenvolvimento intrapupal. Foram analisados cerca de 1.600 espécimes cultivados em laboratório. Foram analisadas as fases de pré-pupa, pupa, o início da fase adulta, a imago e a emergência. Pré-pupas foram identificadas de acordo com a redução no tamanho e na alteração da coloração. Dez espécimes foram coletados a cada três horas (n=1.000), sem interrupção, até a emergência dos adultos. As pupas foram fixadas em etanol a 96%. Em seguida foram imersas em solução Carnoy por 24 horas e ácido fórmico a 5% por 48 horas para facilitar a dissecação e análises das alterações morfológicas. Foram determinados 4 estágios de desenvolvimento intrapupal. 1) Apólise larva-pupa com duração de 23 ± 1,08 h; 2) Pupa criptocefálica: 5 ± 0,53 h; 3) Pupa fanerocefálica: 92 ± 1,94 h e; 4) Adulto farado: olhos transparentes: 125 ± 2,15 h; olhos amarelos: 23 ± 0,89 h; olhos róseos: 14 ± 0,73 h e olhos vermelhos 20 ± 0,60 h. O a...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Intra-puparial Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intra-puparial development of Lucilia eximia (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

2017

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“…A terminologia empregada nesse trabalho para descrever as mudanças morfológicas que ocorreram durante as fases do desenvolvimento intra-pupal de P. intermutans e P. lambens, bem como a descrição dos processos de pupariação e de pupação seguiu aquela proposta por Fraenkel & Bhaskaran (1973), por Cepeda-Palacios & Scholl (2000) e revisado por Barros-Cordeiro et al (2014).…”

Section: Introdução Geralunclassified

Desenvolvimento intra-pupal de Peckia intermutans e Peckia lambens (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)

Cunha¹

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Sousa-Cunha, A.M.J. Intra-puparial development in Peckia intermutans and Peckia lambens (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília. 2014. Dissertação de Mestrado. The family Sarcophagidae is subdivided into three subfamilies, Paramacronychiinae, Miltogramminae and Sarcophaginae, and the latter dominate the fauna in the Neotropical region with almost 600 species. The chronology of the intrapupal development in Peckia intermutans Walker, 1861 and Peckia lambens Wiedemann, 1830 was described based on 1125 pupae, being 270 of P. intermutans and 855 of P. lambens. The pupae were fixed in Carnoy's solution for 48 hours at intervals of 3 hours to complete the first 24 hours and after 6 hours until the emergence of the first adults. Two moments were observed during the pupation process, the first one was larval-pupal apolysis which is the process of separating the last larval cuticle from the epidermis pre-pupae. The second one involved the following phases: (1) the Crytocephalic pupa; (2) the Phanerocephalic pupa and (3) the Pharate adult, the longest phase of the whole development. The minimum duration of the intra-pupal development of P. intermutans at temperature of 23°C and relative humidity of 73% was 252 hours or 10.5 days. And P. lambens at three controlled laboratory conditions was 180 hours or 7.5 days at 21 ° C; 108 hours or 4,5 days at 26 ° C and 96 hours to four days at 31 ° C.Larval viability of P. intermutans was 82% at 23°C and 73% RH. The average values for larval and pupal viability of P. lambens was 92.7 ± 4% and 92.9 ± 4.2%, respectively, and the average sex ratio was 0.57.

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Intra‐puparial development in the hoverflies Eristalinus aeneus and Eristalis tenax (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Campoy

Pérez‐Bañón

2020

Journal of Morphology

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The intra-puparial development of 150 pupae of Eristalinus aeneus (Scopoli, 1763) and Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758) was analyzed. Individuals were obtained from the sixth laboratory generation kept under artificial rearing conditions at the facilities of the University of Alicante (Spain). The experiment was conducted at 25 ± 1 C temperature, 50 ± 5% relative humidity, and 12:12 hr (L:D) of photoperiod. Groups of 10 pupae were collected every 6 hr over 48 hr, after that period, pupae were collected daily until the adult emergence. They were fixed in 5% formic acid and preserved in 70% ethanol. Fixed pupae were dissected and photographed. The chronology and morphological changes that take place during the intra-puparial development in both species were analyzed and compared. Five phases were observed: prepupa, before 6 hr; cryptocephalic pupa, between 6 and 24 hr; phanerocephalic pupa, between 24 and 30 hr; pharate adult, after 30 hr; and the adult imago, restricted to the very end of the development process just before adult emergence. In total, the intra-puparial development lasted 189 ± 4 hr in E. aeneus and 192 ± 3 hr in E. tenax, with the pharate adult the longest phase (some 81% of the total developmental time). These data can be used to develop accurate cold storage protocols during artificial rearing of both pollinator species, avoiding critical events during the development and increasing survival.

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Intra-puparial development of the black soldier-fly,Hermetia illucens

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Intra-puparial development of Lucilia eximia (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

Intra-puparial development of Lucilia eximia (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

Desenvolvimento intra-pupal de Peckia intermutans e Peckia lambens (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)

Intra‐puparial development in the hoverflies Eristalinus aeneus and Eristalis tenax (Diptera: Syrphidae)

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