Intra-Subject Consistency and Reliability of Response Following 2 mA Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Dyke, Katherine; Kim, Soyoung; Jackson, Georgina M.; Jackson, Stephen R.

doi:10.1016/j.brs.2016.06.052

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…To better compare our findings with previous studies, we also calculated the ICCs for Grand Mean post-tDCS amplitudes (the mean of all post-tDCS measures, as done in [27, 29, 33, 34]. This analysis showed poor to fair reliability of tDCS post-effects (ICC range = 0.076 – 0.545; Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Accordingly, Dyke and colleagues (2016) showed that 2mA-atDCS increased M1 excitability consistently across four sessions (electrode size: 35cm 2 ; current density: 0.058 mA/cm 2 ; tDCS duration: 20min), whereas no change was induced by cathodal or sham stimulation [34]. Another recent study also performed three different tDCS conditions (anodal, cathodal, sham) repeating each condition three times (electrode size: 35cm 2 ; current density: 0.029 mA/cm 2 ; tDCS duration: 10min).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response variability of different anodal transcranial direct current stimulation intensities across multiple sessions

2017

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Background It is well known that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is capable of modulating corticomotor excitability. However, a source of growing concern has been the observed inter- and intra-individual variability of tDCS-responses. Recent studies have assessed whether individuals respond in a predictable manner across repeated sessions of anodal tDCS (atDCS). The findings of these investigations have been inconsistent, and their methods have some limitations (i.e. lack of sham condition or testing only one tDCS intensity). Objective To study inter- and intra-individual variability of atDCS effects at two different intensities on primary motor cortex (M1) excitability. Methods Twelve subjects participated in a crossover study testing 7-min atDCS over M1 in three separate conditions (2mA, 1mA, sham) each repeated three times separated by 48hrs. Motor evoked potentials were recorded before and after stimulation (up to 30min). Time of testing was maintained consistent within participants. To estimate the reliability of tDCS effects across sessions, we calculated the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results AtDCS at 2mA, but not 1mA, significantly increased cortical excitability at the group level in all sessions. The overall ICC revealed fair to high reliability of tDCS effects for multiple sessions. Given that the distribution of responses showed important variability in the sham condition, we established a Sham Variability-Based Threshold to classify responses and to track individual changes across sessions. Using this threshold an intra-individual consistent response pattern was then observed only for the 2mA condition. Conclusion 2mA anodal tDCS results in consistent intra- and inter-individual increases of M1 excitability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response variability of different anodal transcranial direct current stimulation intensities across multiple sessions

2017

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“…Recent studies have shown that even the influence of stimulation on motor-evoked potentials-the primary proof of tDCS efficacy in humans-is subject to high inter- (López-Alonso et al 2014;Strube et al 2016;Wiethoff et al 2014) and intraindividual variability (Dyke et al 2016;Horvath et al 2015b;López-Alonso et al 2015). The ultimate solution may be to tailor stimulation dosage and placement of electrodes to individual brains, but this requires sophisticated computational modeling efforts that are only just getting under way (Berker et al 2013;Bikson et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation as a Tool to Enhance Attention

et al. 2017

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Attention is a fundamental cognitive process-without it, we would be helplessly adrift in an overload of sensory input. There is considerable interest in techniques that can be used to enhance attention, including transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). We present an overview of 52 studies that have paired attention tasks with tES, mostly in the form of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In particular, we discuss four aspects of attention that have been most extensively targeted to date: visual search, spatial orienting (e.g., Posner cueing tasks), spatial bias (e.g., line bisection tasks), and sustained attention. Some promising results have been reported in each of these domains. However, drawing general conclusions about the efficacy of tES is at present hampered by a large diversity in study design and inconsistent findings. We highlight some pitfalls and opportunities and suggest how these may be addressed in future research aiming to use tES as a tool to enhance or test theoretical hypotheses about attention.

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“…Recent studies have indicated that AtDCS aftereffects can show variability between-subjects717273, where some individuals do not show potentiation of MEPs after AtDCS application. We therefore screened out non-responders to AtDCS based on post-AtDCS MEP changes in the baseline session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six individuals did not meet this criterion and were therefore excluded from the study. Importantly, the intra-subject consistency of AtDCS responses across multiple sessions is poorly understood, but might be a factor that can influence the group occlusion magnitude717274.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal dynamics of cerebellar and motor cortex physiological processes during motor skill learning

Spampinato

Celnik²

2017

Sci Rep

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Learning motor tasks involves distinct physiological processes in the cerebellum (CB) and primary motor cortex (M1). Previous studies have shown that motor learning results in at least two important neurophysiological changes: modulation of cerebellar output mediated in-part by long-term depression of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse and induction of long-term plasticity (LTP) in M1, leading to transient occlusion of additional LTP-like plasticity. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics of these two physiological mechanisms during motor skill learning. Here we use non-invasive brain stimulation to explore CB and M1 mechanisms during early and late motor skill learning in humans. We predicted that early skill acquisition would be proportional to cerebellar excitability (CBI) changes, whereas later stages of learning will result in M1 LTP-like plasticity modifications. We found that early, and not late into skill training, CBI changed. Whereas, occlusion of LTP-like plasticity over M1 occurred only during late, but not early training. These findings indicate a distinct temporal dissociation in the physiological role of the CB and M1 when learning a novel skill. Understanding the role and temporal dynamics of different brain regions during motor learning is critical to device optimal interventions to augment learning.

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Intra-Subject Consistency and Reliability of Response Following 2 mA Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Cited by 61 publications

References 27 publications

Response variability of different anodal transcranial direct current stimulation intensities across multiple sessions

Response variability of different anodal transcranial direct current stimulation intensities across multiple sessions

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation as a Tool to Enhance Attention

Temporal dynamics of cerebellar and motor cortex physiological processes during motor skill learning

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