Intra-Subject Variability in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Klein, Christoph; Wendling, Katharina; Huettner, Paul; Ruder, Hans; Peper, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.003

Cited by 362 publications

(390 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Problems with vigilance are not usually found for ADHD children (van der Meere & Sergeant, 1988). Indeed, Klein et al (2006) did not find any effect of declining vigilance or changes of the standard deviation of response with up to 15 repeated trial blocks of a Go/no-go task. But we cannot exclude the possibility that to a degree some subjects went off task, and responded partially at random.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Switch-task Reportsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…for seeing a '3'/pressing a '3' and seeing a '333'/pressing a '3'.) e) Lastly the standard deviations (sd) were also examined as indices of intra-individual variability, and differences checked with the coefficient of variation (response-time-sd/response-time) to take into account the different levels of performance (Klein, Wendling, Huettner, Ruder, & Peper, 2006). Significant results (α <.05) and trends where appropriate (α <.1) are reported.…”

Section: Switch-task Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This interpretation is supported by the significantly increased coefficient of variation in the ADHD group, a measure that takes the level of response into account. This measure of variability distinguishes ADHD performance on at least 5 other tests of sustained attention and executive function (Klein et al, 2006).…”

Section: Switch-taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive switching processes in young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Oades

Christiansen

2008

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

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Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be slow at switching between stimuli, or between sets of stimuli to control behaviour appropriate to changing situations. We examined clinical and experimental parameters that may influence the speed of such processes measured in the trail-making (TMT) and switch-tasks in cases with ADHD combined-type, their non-affected siblings and unrelated healthy controls. The latency for completion of the trail-making task controlling for psychomotor processing (TMT B-A) was longer for ADHD cases, and correlated with Conners' ratings of symptom-severity across all subjects. The effect decreased with age. Switchtask responses to questions of "Which number?" and "How many?" between sets of 1/111 or 3/333 elicited differential increases in latency with condition that affected all groups. But there was evidence for increased symptom-related intra-individual variability among the ADHD cases, and across all subjects. Young siblings showed familiality for some measures of TMT and switch-task performance but these were modest. The potential influence of moderator variables on the efficiency of processing stimulus change rather than the speed of processing are discussed. KeywordsADHD; attention; heritability; risk; siblings; set; switch; trail-making To switch attention or behaviour is fundamentally adaptive in environments that change. Switching attention between stimuli (from moment to moment), switching plans (from retreat to approach) can also be rewarding. But switches cost. They need control, effort (energy) and take time compared to a continuation with the ongoing mode of response. If control is efficient the cost can be small. Young people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have disturbances in reinforcement processes (Sonuga-Barke, 2005), controlling effortful processes (Sergeant, Geurts, Huijbregts, Scheres, & Oosterlaan, 2003;Hurks et al., 2005), and switching attention-related processes (Pearson, Lane, & Swanson, 1991;Mason, Humphreys, & Kent, 2004;White & Shah, 2006).Neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies report roles for the inferior frontal regions in switching between stimuli (Jemel, Achenbach, Müller, Röpcke, & Oades, 2002;Beck, Rees, Frith, & Lavie, 2001), and parts of the intraparietal sulcus in switching between plans contingent on set (Dove, Pollmann, Schubert, Wiggins, & von Cramon, 2000;Hampshire & Corresponding author: Biopsychology Group, University Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany, Tel.: +49-(0)201-9597-030, Fax.: +49-(0)201-7227-302, robert.oades@uni-due.de. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which c...

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Section: Comparison With Previous Switch-task Reportsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Switch-task Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive switching processes in young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Oades

Christiansen

2008

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

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“…Another example was provided by Klein and colleagues, who found that intra-individual variability in response best differentiated ADHD from non-clinic youths (Klein, Wendling, Huettner, Ruder, & Peper, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity to parenting in adolescents with callous/unemotional traits: Observational and experimental findings.

O’Connor

Humayun

Briskman

et al. 2016

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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King's College LondonChildren and adolescents with callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been distinguished as a subset of individuals with disruptive behavioral disorders who may be less sensitive to parenting influence; we test this hypothesis using multiple methods and assessment paradigms. Two hundred seventy-one adolescents (mean age ϭ 12.6 years) from 3 samples at elevated risk for disruptive behavior disorders were studied. Symptoms of CU behavior were derived from standard questionnaire; assessments of behavioral adjustment were derived from clinical interview with parent, and parent-report, teacher-report, and self-report questionnaire. Parent-child relationship quality was based on observational assessments in which adolescent and parent behaviors were rated in 3 interaction tasks: (a) low conflict planning task; (b) problem-solving conflict task; (c) puzzle challenge task; parent interview and parent-report and child-report questionnaires of parenting were also assessed. Results indicated that the associations between parent-child relationship quality and behavioral adjustment were comparable in adolescents with and without CU traits. More notably, observational data indicated that adolescents with elevated CU traits showed comparatively greater within-individual variability in observed angry/irritable behavior across interaction tasks, suggesting greater sensitivity to and emotional dysregulation in challenging interpersonal contexts. The findings suggest that adolescents with CU are not less sensitive to parental influence and may in contrast show greater context-sensitive disturbances in emotional regulation. The results have implications for family-based assessment and treatment for adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders.

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“…However, no such abnormalities have been reported in previous studies using prosaccade tasks, in which subjects were simply asked to produce a saccade towards a visible target. The second 1 Previous studies have shown that children with ADHD can be more variable in their reaction times=latencies even in the absence of group differences for mean reaction times (Klein et al 2006). Therefore, we reran our analyses on the variability of latencies.…”

Section: Oculomotor Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits in visuo-spatial working memory, inhibition and oculomotor control in boys with ADHD and their non-affected brothers

et al. 2008

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Summary. Few studies have assessed visuo-spatial working memory and inhibition in attention-deficit=hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by recording saccades and consequently little additional knowledge has been gathered on oculomotor functioning in ADHD. Moreover, this is the first study to report the performance of non-affected siblings of children with ADHD, which may shed light on the familiality of deficits. A total of 14 boys with ADHD, 18 non-affected brothers, and 15 control boys aged 7-14 years, were administered a memory-guided saccade task with delays of three and seven seconds. Familial deficits were found in accuracy of visuospatial working memory, percentage of anticipatory saccades, and tendency to overshoot saccades relative to controls. These findings suggest memory-guided saccade deficits may relate to a familial predisposition for ADHD.

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Intra-Subject Variability in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 362 publications

References 60 publications

Cognitive switching processes in young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cognitive switching processes in young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Sensitivity to parenting in adolescents with callous/unemotional traits: Observational and experimental findings.

Deficits in visuo-spatial working memory, inhibition and oculomotor control in boys with ADHD and their non-affected brothers

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