Intra-Urban Microclimate Effects on Phenology

Parece, Tammy E.; Campbell, James B.

doi:10.3390/urbansci2010026

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The results obtained are in line with those stated by Parece and Campbell (2018), namely that microclimatic variations produce intra-urban differences in vegetation phenophases. The end of flowering (69) recorded differences from one area to another, differences that were between 2 days in F. intermedia, M. aquifolium and S. vulgaris and 4 days in S. vanhouttei, in 2019, between 1 day in C. japonica and 2 days for the other species of ornamental shrubs in 2020 and 2 days in 2021 for all species analyzed.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Urbanization causes the change of natural environment (especially rural areas around cities) in many respects, including the microclimate (Matei et al, 2020;Tian et al, 2020). The urbanization process has the effect of increasing the local air temperature causing an urban heat island (UHI) effect, prolonging the photoperiod by introducing artificial light and turning more soil into impermeable surfaces, which eliminates rainwater infiltration and natural recharging of groundwater and the result are environmental conditions for vegetation growth, which are significantly different, between rural and urban areas, which determines the rural-urban difference of spring plant phenology (Zipper et al, 2016;Parece et al, 2018). The aim of this study is to provide information about the spring phenology of some species of ornamental trees and shrubs, in light of climate changes occurred over recent decades, under urban environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introduction Introduction Introduction Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spring phenology of some ornamental species, as an indicator of temperature increase in the urban climate area

Stanciu

Ionescu²,

Cosmulescu

2021

Not Sci Biol

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The aim of this study is to provide information on the phenology of urban spring season, of some species of ornamental trees and shrubs, in the light of climate changes occurred over the recent decades. Ten species of ornamental shrubs and trees cultivated in two areas of a town located in southwestern Romania were studied. It was found that the spring season phenology of the studied species is dependent on the climatic year, in recording differences between the number of days from November 1 and the beginning of each spring phenophase, both from one species to another and from one climatic year to another, and also from one area to another; the spring phenology starting earlier in the urban area regardless of the species and the climatic year. Higher temperatures, rising from one year to another, are speeding-up the onset and development of spring phenology, regardless of species, and the urban climate through the effect of urban heat island leads to even earlier onset of spring phenophases and shortening of the growing season, so that by phenological differences existing within the species from one climatic year to another and from one climatic zone to another, spring season phenology can be considered an indicator of temperature rise.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introduction Introduction Introduction Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring phenology of some ornamental species, as an indicator of temperature increase in the urban climate area

Stanciu

Ionescu²,

Cosmulescu

2021

Not Sci Biol

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“…Especially, under the effects of the urban heat island (UHI), vegetation tends to release more water through transpiration during the leaf growth stage and in turn exerts stronger cooling effects on the local climate (Zipper et al, 2017). The leaf growth stage is expected to be enhanced and extended as a result of extremely extreme high air temperatures (Parece and Campbell, 2018;Walker et al, 2015;Li et al, 2017;Zipper et al, 2016;Jochner and Menzel, 2015). From a more critical standpoint, with the increase of UHI effects, the plant phenology will become increasingly effective in controlling the vegetation cooling and warming.…”

Section: Insights On the Mechanisms Of Underlying Factor Impacts On Background Climate Evaporative Cooling And Shadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenology acts as a primary control of urban vegetation cooling and warming: A synthetic analysis of global site observations

Liu

Liao

et al. 2020

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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Urban vegetation can influence local air temperatures through its biophysical effects on surface energy balance. These effects produce gradients (ΔT a ) between air temperature of vegetation spaces (T veg ) and air temperature of open spaces (T open ) ( = T T T a vegopen ), hereafter referred to as vegetation cooling (negative values of ΔT a ) and warming (positive values of ΔT a ), respectively. But vegetation cooling or warming highly depends on background climate of urban areas as well as on vegetation states. Field observations are usually restricted to one or few cities, setting limitations to a general understanding. In this study, a synthetic analysis of 3634 point-scale in-situ observations from 77 global sites in 35 cites was conducted using the bootstrap sampling and hierarchical partitioning methods. Results show that vegetation cooling is generally stronger during the daytime periods, in warm seasons, at low latitude zones, for forest lands and at leaf growth stage, while vegetation warming usually occurs in the opposite contexts. Urban vegetation begins to exert considerable cooling effects when the daily mean background air temperature (BAT) is >10.0°C, but on average has a slight warming effect when BAT is <10.0°C. Besides, vegetation cooling increases sharply when evapotranspiration is >61.7 mm/month or when area of urban vegetation is >35.2 ha. Plant growth stages (i.e., canopy leaf growth, senescence and dormancy stages) (37.6 ± 0.11%), a vegetation phenology proxy, acts as the primary biotic factor, while seasonality (23.0 ± 0.11%) and latitude (11.4 ± 0.07%) that control the background climate are two most important abiotic contributors. Our findings suggest approximate thresholds for distinguishing vegetation cooling/ warming effects and provide helpful information for future urban greenspace planning aimed at mitigating local climate warming.

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“…For example, the urbanization process can raise the local air temperature to cause an Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, introduce more artificial lights to lengthen the photoperiod, and convert more soil to impervious surfaces, which eliminates rainwater infiltration and natural groundwater recharge. As a result, the environmental conditions for vegetation growth between rural and urban areas are significantly different, which causes the rural-urban difference of vegetation spring phenology [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coarse-Resolution Satellite Images Overestimate Urbanization Effects on Vegetation Spring Phenology

Tian

Zhu

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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Numerous investigations of urbanization effects on vegetation spring phenology using satellite images have reached a consensus that vegetation spring phenology in urban areas occurs earlier than in surrounding rural areas. Nevertheless, the magnitude of this rural–urban difference is quite different among these studies, especially for studies over the same areas, which implies large uncertainties. One possible reason is that the satellite images used in these studies have different spatial resolutions from 30 m to 1 km. In this study, we investigated the impact of spatial resolution on the rural–urban difference of vegetation spring phenology using satellite images at different spatial resolutions. To be exact, we first generated a dense 10 m NDVI time series through harmonizing Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 images by data fusion method, and then resampled the 10 m time series to coarser resolutions from 30 m to 8 km to simulate images at different resolutions. Afterwards, to quantify urbanization effects, vegetation spring phenology at each resolution was extracted by a widely used tool, TIMESAT. Last, we calculated the difference between rural and urban areas using an urban extent map derived from NPP VIIRS nighttime light data. Our results reveal: (1) vegetation spring phenology in urban areas happen earlier than rural areas no matter which spatial resolution from 10 m to 8 km is used, (2) the rural–urban difference in vegetation spring phenology is amplified with spatial resolution, i.e., coarse satellite images overestimate the urbanization effects on vegetation spring phenology, and (3) the underlying reason of this overestimation is that the majority of urban pixels in coarser images have higher diversity in terms of spring phenology dates, which leads to spring phenology detected from coarser NDVI time series earlier than the actual dates. This study indicates that spatial resolution is an important factor that affects the accuracy of the assessment of urbanization effects on vegetation spring phenology. For future studies, we suggest that satellite images with a fine spatial resolution are more appropriate to explore urbanization effects on vegetation spring phenology if vegetation species in urban areas is very diverse.

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Intra-Urban Microclimate Effects on Phenology

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Spring phenology of some ornamental species, as an indicator of temperature increase in the urban climate area

Spring phenology of some ornamental species, as an indicator of temperature increase in the urban climate area

Phenology acts as a primary control of urban vegetation cooling and warming: A synthetic analysis of global site observations

Coarse-Resolution Satellite Images Overestimate Urbanization Effects on Vegetation Spring Phenology

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